1 #!/usr/bin/env python

     2 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

     3 #

     4 # Library to extract EXIF information from digital camera image files

     5 # http://sourceforge.net/projects/exif-py/

     6 #

     7 # VERSION 1.1.0

     8 #

     9 # To use this library call with:

    10 #    f = open(path_name, 'rb')

    11 #    tags = EXIF.process_file(f)

    12 #

    13 # To ignore MakerNote tags, pass the -q or --quick

    14 # command line arguments, or as

    15 #    tags = EXIF.process_file(f, details=False)

    16 #

    17 # To stop processing after a certain tag is retrieved,

    18 # pass the -t TAG or --stop-tag TAG argument, or as

    19 #    tags = EXIF.process_file(f, stop_tag='TAG')

    20 #

    21 # where TAG is a valid tag name, ex 'DateTimeOriginal'

    22 #

    23 # These 2 are useful when you are retrieving a large list of images

    24 #

    25 #

    26 # To return an error on invalid tags,

    27 # pass the -s or --strict argument, or as

    28 #    tags = EXIF.process_file(f, strict=True)

    29 #

    30 # Otherwise these tags will be ignored

    31 #

    32 # Returned tags will be a dictionary mapping names of EXIF tags to their

    33 # values in the file named by path_name.  You can process the tags

    34 # as you wish.  In particular, you can iterate through all the tags with:

    35 #     for tag in tags.keys():

    36 #         if tag not in ('JPEGThumbnail', 'TIFFThumbnail', 'Filename',

    37 #                        'EXIF MakerNote'):

    38 #             print "Key: %s, value %s" % (tag, tags[tag])

    39 # (This code uses the if statement to avoid printing out a few of the

    40 # tags that tend to be long or boring.)

    41 #

    42 # The tags dictionary will include keys for all of the usual EXIF

    43 # tags, and will also include keys for Makernotes used by some

    44 # cameras, for which we have a good specification.

    45 #

    46 # Note that the dictionary keys are the IFD name followed by the

    47 # tag name. For example:

    48 # 'EXIF DateTimeOriginal', 'Image Orientation', 'MakerNote FocusMode'

    49 #

    50 # Copyright (c) 2002-2007 Gene Cash All rights reserved

    51 # Copyright (c) 2007-2008 Ianaré Sévi All rights reserved

    52 #

    53 # Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without

    54 # modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions

    55 # are met:

    56 #

    57 #  1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright

    58 #     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

    59 #

    60 #  2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above

    61 #     copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following

    62 #     disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided

    63 #     with the distribution.

    64 #

    65 #  3. Neither the name of the authors nor the names of its contributors

    66 #     may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this

    67 #     software without specific prior written permission.

    68 #

    69 # THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS

    70 # "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT

    71 # LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR

    72 # A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT

    73 # OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,

    74 # SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT

    75 # LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,

    76 # DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY

    77 # THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT

    78 # (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE

    79 # OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

    80 #

    81 #

    82 # ----- See 'changes.txt' file for all contributors and changes ----- #

    83 #

    84 import mmap

    85 

    86 # Don't throw an exception when given an out of range character.

    87 def make_string(seq):

    88     str = ''

    89     for c in seq:

    90         # Screen out non-printing characters

    91         if 32 <= c and c < 256:

    92             str += chr(c)

    93     # If no printing chars

    94     if not str:

    95         return seq

    96     return str

    97 

    98 # Special version to deal with the code in the first 8 bytes of a user comment.

    99 # First 8 bytes gives coding system e.g. ASCII vs. JIS vs Unicode

   100 def make_string_uc(seq):

   101     code = seq[0:8]

   102     seq = seq[8:]

   103     # Of course, this is only correct if ASCII, and the standard explicitly

   104     # allows JIS and Unicode.

   105     return make_string(seq)

   106 

   107 # field type descriptions as (length, abbreviation, full name) tuples

   108 FIELD_TYPES = (

   109     (0, 'X', 'Proprietary'), # no such type

   110     (1, 'B', 'Byte'),

   111     (1, 'A', 'ASCII'),

   112     (2, 'S', 'Short'),

   113     (4, 'L', 'Long'),

   114     (8, 'R', 'Ratio'),

   115     (1, 'SB', 'Signed Byte'),

   116     (1, 'U', 'Undefined'),

   117     (2, 'SS', 'Signed Short'),

   118     (4, 'SL', 'Signed Long'),

   119     (8, 'SR', 'Signed Ratio'),

   120     )

   121 

   122 # dictionary of main EXIF tag names

   123 # first element of tuple is tag name, optional second element is

   124 # another dictionary giving names to values

   125 EXIF_TAGS = {

   126     0x0100: ('ImageWidth', ),

   127     0x0101: ('ImageLength', ),

   128     0x0102: ('BitsPerSample', ),

   129     0x0103: ('Compression',

   130              {1: 'Uncompressed',

   131               2: 'CCITT 1D',

   132               3: 'T4/Group 3 Fax',

   133               4: 'T6/Group 4 Fax',

   134               5: 'LZW',

   135               6: 'JPEG (old-style)',

   136               7: 'JPEG',

   137               8: 'Adobe Deflate',

   138               9: 'JBIG B&W',

   139               10: 'JBIG Color',

   140               32766: 'Next',

   141               32769: 'Epson ERF Compressed',

   142               32771: 'CCIRLEW',

   143               32773: 'PackBits',

   144               32809: 'Thunderscan',

   145               32895: 'IT8CTPAD',

   146               32896: 'IT8LW',

   147               32897: 'IT8MP',

   148               32898: 'IT8BL',

   149               32908: 'PixarFilm',

   150               32909: 'PixarLog',

   151               32946: 'Deflate',

   152               32947: 'DCS',

   153               34661: 'JBIG',

   154               34676: 'SGILog',

   155               34677: 'SGILog24',

   156               34712: 'JPEG 2000',

   157               34713: 'Nikon NEF Compressed',

   158               65000: 'Kodak DCR Compressed',

   159               65535: 'Pentax PEF Compressed'}),

   160     0x0106: ('PhotometricInterpretation', ),

   161     0x0107: ('Thresholding', ),

   162     0x010A: ('FillOrder', ),

   163     0x010D: ('DocumentName', ),

   164     0x010E: ('ImageDescription', ),

   165     0x010F: ('Make', ),

   166     0x0110: ('Model', ),

   167     0x0111: ('StripOffsets', ),

   168     0x0112: ('Orientation',

   169              {1: 'Horizontal (normal)',

   170               2: 'Mirrored horizontal',

   171               3: 'Rotated 180',

   172               4: 'Mirrored vertical',

   173               5: 'Mirrored horizontal then rotated 90 CCW',

   174               6: 'Rotated 90 CW',

   175               7: 'Mirrored horizontal then rotated 90 CW',

   176               8: 'Rotated 90 CCW'}),

   177     0x0115: ('SamplesPerPixel', ),

   178     0x0116: ('RowsPerStrip', ),

   179     0x0117: ('StripByteCounts', ),

   180     0x011A: ('XResolution', ),

   181     0x011B: ('YResolution', ),

   182     0x011C: ('PlanarConfiguration', ),

   183     0x011D: ('PageName', make_string),

   184     0x0128: ('ResolutionUnit',

   185              {1: 'Not Absolute',

   186               2: 'Pixels/Inch',

   187               3: 'Pixels/Centimeter'}),

   188     0x012D: ('TransferFunction', ),

   189     0x0131: ('Software', ),

   190     0x0132: ('DateTime', ),

   191     0x013B: ('Artist', ),

   192     0x013E: ('WhitePoint', ),

   193     0x013F: ('PrimaryChromaticities', ),

   194     0x0156: ('TransferRange', ),

   195     0x0200: ('JPEGProc', ),

   196     0x0201: ('JPEGInterchangeFormat', ),

   197     0x0202: ('JPEGInterchangeFormatLength', ),

   198     0x0211: ('YCbCrCoefficients', ),

   199     0x0212: ('YCbCrSubSampling', ),

   200     0x0213: ('YCbCrPositioning',

   201              {1: 'Centered',

   202               2: 'Co-sited'}),

   203     0x0214: ('ReferenceBlackWhite', ),

   204     

   205     0x4746: ('Rating', ),

   206     

   207     0x828D: ('CFARepeatPatternDim', ),

   208     0x828E: ('CFAPattern', ),

   209     0x828F: ('BatteryLevel', ),

   210     0x8298: ('Copyright', ),

   211     0x829A: ('ExposureTime', ),

   212     0x829D: ('FNumber', ),

   213     0x83BB: ('IPTC/NAA', ),

   214     0x8769: ('ExifOffset', ),

   215     0x8773: ('InterColorProfile', ),

   216     0x8822: ('ExposureProgram',

   217              {0: 'Unidentified',

   218               1: 'Manual',

   219               2: 'Program Normal',

   220               3: 'Aperture Priority',

   221               4: 'Shutter Priority',

   222               5: 'Program Creative',

   223               6: 'Program Action',

   224               7: 'Portrait Mode',

   225               8: 'Landscape Mode'}),

   226     0x8824: ('SpectralSensitivity', ),

   227     0x8825: ('GPSInfo', ),

   228     0x8827: ('ISOSpeedRatings', ),

   229     0x8828: ('OECF', ),

   230     0x9000: ('ExifVersion', make_string),

   231     0x9003: ('DateTimeOriginal', ),

   232     0x9004: ('DateTimeDigitized', ),

   233     0x9101: ('ComponentsConfiguration',

   234              {0: '',

   235               1: 'Y',

   236               2: 'Cb',

   237               3: 'Cr',

   238               4: 'Red',

   239               5: 'Green',

   240               6: 'Blue'}),

   241     0x9102: ('CompressedBitsPerPixel', ),

   242     0x9201: ('ShutterSpeedValue', ),

   243     0x9202: ('ApertureValue', ),

   244     0x9203: ('BrightnessValue', ),

   245     0x9204: ('ExposureBiasValue', ),

   246     0x9205: ('MaxApertureValue', ),

   247     0x9206: ('SubjectDistance', ),

   248     0x9207: ('MeteringMode',

   249              {0: 'Unidentified',

   250               1: 'Average',

   251               2: 'CenterWeightedAverage',

   252               3: 'Spot',

   253               4: 'MultiSpot',

   254               5: 'Pattern'}),

   255     0x9208: ('LightSource',

   256              {0: 'Unknown',

   257               1: 'Daylight',

   258               2: 'Fluorescent',

   259               3: 'Tungsten',

   260               9: 'Fine Weather',

   261               10: 'Flash',

   262               11: 'Shade',

   263               12: 'Daylight Fluorescent',

   264               13: 'Day White Fluorescent',

   265               14: 'Cool White Fluorescent',

   266               15: 'White Fluorescent',

   267               17: 'Standard Light A',

   268               18: 'Standard Light B',

   269               19: 'Standard Light C',

   270               20: 'D55',

   271               21: 'D65',

   272               22: 'D75',

   273               255: 'Other'}),

   274     0x9209: ('Flash',

   275              {0: 'No',

   276               1: 'Fired',

   277               5: 'Fired (?)', # no return sensed

   278               7: 'Fired (!)', # return sensed

   279               9: 'Fill Fired',

   280               13: 'Fill Fired (?)',

   281               15: 'Fill Fired (!)',

   282               16: 'Off',

   283               24: 'Auto Off',

   284               25: 'Auto Fired',

   285               29: 'Auto Fired (?)',

   286               31: 'Auto Fired (!)',

   287               32: 'Not Available'}),

   288     0x920A: ('FocalLength', ),

   289     0x9214: ('SubjectArea', ),

   290     0x927C: ('MakerNote', ),

   291     0x9286: ('UserComment', make_string_uc),

   292     0x9290: ('SubSecTime', ),

   293     0x9291: ('SubSecTimeOriginal', ),

   294     0x9292: ('SubSecTimeDigitized', ),

   295     

   296     # used by Windows Explorer

   297     0x9C9B: ('XPTitle', ),

   298     0x9C9C: ('XPComment', ),

   299     0x9C9D: ('XPAuthor', ), #(ignored by Windows Explorer if Artist exists)

   300     0x9C9E: ('XPKeywords', ),

   301     0x9C9F: ('XPSubject', ),

   302 

   303     0xA000: ('FlashPixVersion', make_string),

   304     0xA001: ('ColorSpace',

   305              {1: 'sRGB',

   306               2: 'Adobe RGB',

   307               65535: 'Uncalibrated'}),

   308     0xA002: ('ExifImageWidth', ),

   309     0xA003: ('ExifImageLength', ),

   310     0xA005: ('InteroperabilityOffset', ),

   311     0xA20B: ('FlashEnergy', ),               # 0x920B in TIFF/EP

   312     0xA20C: ('SpatialFrequencyResponse', ),  # 0x920C

   313     0xA20E: ('FocalPlaneXResolution', ),     # 0x920E

   314     0xA20F: ('FocalPlaneYResolution', ),     # 0x920F

   315     0xA210: ('FocalPlaneResolutionUnit', ),  # 0x9210

   316     0xA214: ('SubjectLocation', ),           # 0x9214

   317     0xA215: ('ExposureIndex', ),             # 0x9215

   318     0xA217: ('SensingMethod',                # 0x9217

   319              {1: 'Not defined',

   320               2: 'One-chip color area',

   321               3: 'Two-chip color area',

   322               4: 'Three-chip color area',

   323               5: 'Color sequential area',

   324               7: 'Trilinear',

   325               8: 'Color sequential linear'}),             

   326     0xA300: ('FileSource',

   327              {1: 'Film Scanner',

   328               2: 'Reflection Print Scanner',

   329               3: 'Digital Camera'}),

   330     0xA301: ('SceneType',

   331              {1: 'Directly Photographed'}),

   332     0xA302: ('CVAPattern', ),

   333     0xA401: ('CustomRendered',

   334              {0: 'Normal',

   335               1: 'Custom'}),

   336     0xA402: ('ExposureMode',

   337              {0: 'Auto Exposure',

   338               1: 'Manual Exposure',

   339               2: 'Auto Bracket'}),

   340     0xA403: ('WhiteBalance',

   341              {0: 'Auto',

   342               1: 'Manual'}),

   343     0xA404: ('DigitalZoomRatio', ),

   344     0xA405: ('FocalLengthIn35mmFilm', ),

   345     0xA406: ('SceneCaptureType',

   346              {0: 'Standard',

   347               1: 'Landscape',

   348               2: 'Portrait',

   349               3: 'Night)'}),

   350     0xA407: ('GainControl',

   351              {0: 'None',

   352               1: 'Low gain up',

   353               2: 'High gain up',

   354               3: 'Low gain down',

   355               4: 'High gain down'}),

   356     0xA408: ('Contrast',

   357              {0: 'Normal',

   358               1: 'Soft',

   359               2: 'Hard'}),

   360     0xA409: ('Saturation',

   361              {0: 'Normal',

   362               1: 'Soft',

   363               2: 'Hard'}),

   364     0xA40A: ('Sharpness',

   365              {0: 'Normal',

   366               1: 'Soft',

   367               2: 'Hard'}),

   368     0xA40B: ('DeviceSettingDescription', ),

   369     0xA40C: ('SubjectDistanceRange', ),

   370     0xA500: ('Gamma', ),

   371     0xC4A5: ('PrintIM', ),

   372     0xEA1C:	('Padding', ),

   373     }

   374 

   375 # interoperability tags

   376 INTR_TAGS = {

   377     0x0001: ('InteroperabilityIndex', ),

   378     0x0002: ('InteroperabilityVersion', ),

   379     0x1000: ('RelatedImageFileFormat', ),

   380     0x1001: ('RelatedImageWidth', ),

   381     0x1002: ('RelatedImageLength', ),

   382     }

   383 

   384 # GPS tags (not used yet, haven't seen camera with GPS)

   385 GPS_TAGS = {

   386     0x0000: ('GPSVersionID', ),

   387     0x0001: ('GPSLatitudeRef', ),

   388     0x0002: ('GPSLatitude', ),

   389     0x0003: ('GPSLongitudeRef', ),

   390     0x0004: ('GPSLongitude', ),

   391     0x0005: ('GPSAltitudeRef', ),

   392     0x0006: ('GPSAltitude', ),

   393     0x0007: ('GPSTimeStamp', ),

   394     0x0008: ('GPSSatellites', ),

   395     0x0009: ('GPSStatus', ),

   396     0x000A: ('GPSMeasureMode', ),

   397     0x000B: ('GPSDOP', ),

   398     0x000C: ('GPSSpeedRef', ),

   399     0x000D: ('GPSSpeed', ),

   400     0x000E: ('GPSTrackRef', ),

   401     0x000F: ('GPSTrack', ),

   402     0x0010: ('GPSImgDirectionRef', ),

   403     0x0011: ('GPSImgDirection', ),

   404     0x0012: ('GPSMapDatum', ),

   405     0x0013: ('GPSDestLatitudeRef', ),

   406     0x0014: ('GPSDestLatitude', ),

   407     0x0015: ('GPSDestLongitudeRef', ),

   408     0x0016: ('GPSDestLongitude', ),

   409     0x0017: ('GPSDestBearingRef', ),

   410     0x0018: ('GPSDestBearing', ),

   411     0x0019: ('GPSDestDistanceRef', ),

   412     0x001A: ('GPSDestDistance', ),

   413     0x001D: ('GPSDate', ),

   414     }

   415 

   416 # Ignore these tags when quick processing

   417 # 0x927C is MakerNote Tags

   418 # 0x9286 is user comment

   419 IGNORE_TAGS=(0x9286, 0x927C)

   420 

   421 # http://tomtia.plala.jp/DigitalCamera/MakerNote/index.asp

   422 def nikon_ev_bias(seq):

   423     # First digit seems to be in steps of 1/6 EV.

   424     # Does the third value mean the step size?  It is usually 6,

   425     # but it is 12 for the ExposureDifference.

   426     #

   427     # Check for an error condition that could cause a crash.

   428     # This only happens if something has gone really wrong in

   429     # reading the Nikon MakerNote.

   430     if len( seq ) < 4 : return ""

   431     #

   432     if seq == [252, 1, 6, 0]:

   433         return "-2/3 EV"

   434     if seq == [253, 1, 6, 0]:

   435         return "-1/2 EV"

   436     if seq == [254, 1, 6, 0]:

   437         return "-1/3 EV"

   438     if seq == [0, 1, 6, 0]:

   439         return "0 EV"

   440     if seq == [2, 1, 6, 0]:

   441         return "+1/3 EV"

   442     if seq == [3, 1, 6, 0]:

   443         return "+1/2 EV"

   444     if seq == [4, 1, 6, 0]:

   445         return "+2/3 EV"

   446     # Handle combinations not in the table.

   447     a = seq[0]

   448     # Causes headaches for the +/- logic, so special case it.

   449     if a == 0:

   450         return "0 EV"

   451     if a > 127:

   452         a = 256 - a

   453         ret_str = "-"

   454     else:

   455         ret_str = "+"

   456     b = seq[2]	# Assume third value means the step size

   457     whole = a / b

   458     a = a % b

   459     if whole != 0:

   460         ret_str = ret_str + str(whole) + " "

   461     if a == 0:

   462         ret_str = ret_str + "EV"

   463     else:

   464         r = Ratio(a, b)

   465         ret_str = ret_str + r.__repr__() + " EV"

   466     return ret_str

   467 

   468 # Nikon E99x MakerNote Tags

   469 MAKERNOTE_NIKON_NEWER_TAGS={

   470     0x0001: ('MakernoteVersion', make_string),	# Sometimes binary

   471     0x0002: ('ISOSetting', make_string),

   472     0x0003: ('ColorMode', ),

   473     0x0004: ('Quality', ),

   474     0x0005: ('Whitebalance', ),

   475     0x0006: ('ImageSharpening', ),

   476     0x0007: ('FocusMode', ),

   477     0x0008: ('FlashSetting', ),

   478     0x0009: ('AutoFlashMode', ),

   479     0x000B: ('WhiteBalanceBias', ),

   480     0x000C: ('WhiteBalanceRBCoeff', ),

   481     0x000D: ('ProgramShift', nikon_ev_bias),

   482     # Nearly the same as the other EV vals, but step size is 1/12 EV (?)

   483     0x000E: ('ExposureDifference', nikon_ev_bias),

   484     0x000F: ('ISOSelection', ),

   485     0x0011: ('NikonPreview', ),

   486     0x0012: ('FlashCompensation', nikon_ev_bias),

   487     0x0013: ('ISOSpeedRequested', ),

   488     0x0016: ('PhotoCornerCoordinates', ),

   489     # 0x0017: Unknown, but most likely an EV value

   490     0x0018: ('FlashBracketCompensationApplied', nikon_ev_bias),

   491     0x0019: ('AEBracketCompensationApplied', ),

   492     0x001A: ('ImageProcessing', ),

   493     0x001B: ('CropHiSpeed', ),

   494     0x001D: ('SerialNumber', ),	# Conflict with 0x00A0 ?

   495     0x001E: ('ColorSpace', ),

   496     0x001F: ('VRInfo', ),

   497     0x0020: ('ImageAuthentication', ),

   498     0x0022: ('ActiveDLighting', ),

   499     0x0023: ('PictureControl', ),

   500     0x0024: ('WorldTime', ),

   501     0x0025: ('ISOInfo', ),

   502     0x0080: ('ImageAdjustment', ),

   503     0x0081: ('ToneCompensation', ),

   504     0x0082: ('AuxiliaryLens', ),

   505     0x0083: ('LensType', ),

   506     0x0084: ('LensMinMaxFocalMaxAperture', ),

   507     0x0085: ('ManualFocusDistance', ),

   508     0x0086: ('DigitalZoomFactor', ),

   509     0x0087: ('FlashMode',

   510              {0x00: 'Did Not Fire',

   511               0x01: 'Fired, Manual',

   512               0x07: 'Fired, External',

   513               0x08: 'Fired, Commander Mode ',

   514               0x09: 'Fired, TTL Mode'}),

   515     0x0088: ('AFFocusPosition',

   516              {0x0000: 'Center',

   517               0x0100: 'Top',

   518               0x0200: 'Bottom',

   519               0x0300: 'Left',

   520               0x0400: 'Right'}),

   521     0x0089: ('BracketingMode',

   522              {0x00: 'Single frame, no bracketing',

   523               0x01: 'Continuous, no bracketing',

   524               0x02: 'Timer, no bracketing',

   525               0x10: 'Single frame, exposure bracketing',

   526               0x11: 'Continuous, exposure bracketing',

   527               0x12: 'Timer, exposure bracketing',

   528               0x40: 'Single frame, white balance bracketing',

   529               0x41: 'Continuous, white balance bracketing',

   530               0x42: 'Timer, white balance bracketing'}),

   531     0x008A: ('AutoBracketRelease', ),

   532     0x008B: ('LensFStops', ),

   533     0x008C: ('NEFCurve1', ),	# ExifTool calls this 'ContrastCurve'

   534     0x008D: ('ColorMode', ),

   535     0x008F: ('SceneMode', ),

   536     0x0090: ('LightingType', ),

   537     0x0091: ('ShotInfo', ),	# First 4 bytes are a version number in ASCII

   538     0x0092: ('HueAdjustment', ),

   539     # ExifTool calls this 'NEFCompression', should be 1-4

   540     0x0093: ('Compression', ),

   541     0x0094: ('Saturation',

   542              {-3: 'B&W',

   543               -2: '-2',

   544               -1: '-1',

   545               0: '0',

   546               1: '1',

   547               2: '2'}),

   548     0x0095: ('NoiseReduction', ),

   549     0x0096: ('NEFCurve2', ),	# ExifTool calls this 'LinearizationTable'

   550     0x0097: ('ColorBalance', ),	# First 4 bytes are a version number in ASCII

   551     0x0098: ('LensData', ),	# First 4 bytes are a version number in ASCII

   552     0x0099: ('RawImageCenter', ),

   553     0x009A: ('SensorPixelSize', ),

   554     0x009C: ('Scene Assist', ),

   555     0x009E: ('RetouchHistory', ),

   556     0x00A0: ('SerialNumber', ),

   557     0x00A2: ('ImageDataSize', ),

   558     # 00A3: unknown - a single byte 0

   559     # 00A4: In NEF, looks like a 4 byte ASCII version number ('0200')

   560     0x00A5: ('ImageCount', ),

   561     0x00A6: ('DeletedImageCount', ),

   562     0x00A7: ('TotalShutterReleases', ),

   563     # First 4 bytes are a version number in ASCII, with version specific

   564     # info to follow.  Its hard to treat it as a string due to embedded nulls.

   565     0x00A8: ('FlashInfo', ),

   566     0x00A9: ('ImageOptimization', ),

   567     0x00AA: ('Saturation', ),

   568     0x00AB: ('DigitalVariProgram', ),

   569     0x00AC: ('ImageStabilization', ),

   570     0x00AD: ('Responsive AF', ),	# 'AFResponse'

   571     0x00B0: ('MultiExposure', ),

   572     0x00B1: ('HighISONoiseReduction', ),

   573     0x00B7: ('AFInfo', ),

   574     0x00B8: ('FileInfo', ),

   575     # 00B9: unknown

   576     0x0100: ('DigitalICE', ),

   577     0x0103: ('PreviewCompression',

   578              {1: 'Uncompressed',

   579               2: 'CCITT 1D',

   580               3: 'T4/Group 3 Fax',

   581               4: 'T6/Group 4 Fax',

   582               5: 'LZW',

   583               6: 'JPEG (old-style)',

   584               7: 'JPEG',

   585               8: 'Adobe Deflate',

   586               9: 'JBIG B&W',

   587               10: 'JBIG Color',

   588               32766: 'Next',

   589               32769: 'Epson ERF Compressed',

   590               32771: 'CCIRLEW',

   591               32773: 'PackBits',

   592               32809: 'Thunderscan',

   593               32895: 'IT8CTPAD',

   594               32896: 'IT8LW',

   595               32897: 'IT8MP',

   596               32898: 'IT8BL',

   597               32908: 'PixarFilm',

   598               32909: 'PixarLog',

   599               32946: 'Deflate',

   600               32947: 'DCS',

   601               34661: 'JBIG',

   602               34676: 'SGILog',

   603               34677: 'SGILog24',

   604               34712: 'JPEG 2000',

   605               34713: 'Nikon NEF Compressed',

   606               65000: 'Kodak DCR Compressed',

   607               65535: 'Pentax PEF Compressed',}),

   608     0x0201: ('PreviewImageStart', ),

   609     0x0202: ('PreviewImageLength', ),

   610     0x0213: ('PreviewYCbCrPositioning',

   611              {1: 'Centered',

   612               2: 'Co-sited'}), 

   613     0x0010: ('DataDump', ),

   614     }

   615 

   616 MAKERNOTE_NIKON_OLDER_TAGS = {

   617     0x0003: ('Quality',

   618              {1: 'VGA Basic',

   619               2: 'VGA Normal',

   620               3: 'VGA Fine',

   621               4: 'SXGA Basic',

   622               5: 'SXGA Normal',

   623               6: 'SXGA Fine'}),

   624     0x0004: ('ColorMode',

   625              {1: 'Color',

   626               2: 'Monochrome'}),

   627     0x0005: ('ImageAdjustment',

   628              {0: 'Normal',

   629               1: 'Bright+',

   630               2: 'Bright-',

   631               3: 'Contrast+',

   632               4: 'Contrast-'}),

   633     0x0006: ('CCDSpeed',

   634              {0: 'ISO 80',

   635               2: 'ISO 160',

   636               4: 'ISO 320',

   637               5: 'ISO 100'}),

   638     0x0007: ('WhiteBalance',

   639              {0: 'Auto',

   640               1: 'Preset',

   641               2: 'Daylight',

   642               3: 'Incandescent',

   643               4: 'Fluorescent',

   644               5: 'Cloudy',

   645               6: 'Speed Light'}),

   646     }

   647 

   648 # decode Olympus SpecialMode tag in MakerNote

   649 def olympus_special_mode(v):

   650     a={

   651         0: 'Normal',

   652         1: 'Unknown',

   653         2: 'Fast',

   654         3: 'Panorama'}

   655     b={

   656         0: 'Non-panoramic',

   657         1: 'Left to right',

   658         2: 'Right to left',

   659         3: 'Bottom to top',

   660         4: 'Top to bottom'}

   661     if v[0] not in a or v[2] not in b:

   662         return v

   663     return '%s - sequence %d - %s' % (a[v[0]], v[1], b[v[2]])

   664 

   665 MAKERNOTE_OLYMPUS_TAGS={

   666     # ah HAH! those sneeeeeaky bastids! this is how they get past the fact

   667     # that a JPEG thumbnail is not allowed in an uncompressed TIFF file

   668     0x0100: ('JPEGThumbnail', ),

   669     0x0200: ('SpecialMode', olympus_special_mode),

   670     0x0201: ('JPEGQual',

   671              {1: 'SQ',

   672               2: 'HQ',

   673               3: 'SHQ'}),

   674     0x0202: ('Macro',

   675              {0: 'Normal',

   676              1: 'Macro',

   677              2: 'SuperMacro'}),

   678     0x0203: ('BWMode',

   679              {0: 'Off',

   680              1: 'On'}),

   681     0x0204: ('DigitalZoom', ),

   682     0x0205: ('FocalPlaneDiagonal', ),

   683     0x0206: ('LensDistortionParams', ),

   684     0x0207: ('SoftwareRelease', ),

   685     0x0208: ('PictureInfo', ),

   686     0x0209: ('CameraID', make_string), # print as string

   687     0x0F00: ('DataDump', ),

   688     0x0300: ('PreCaptureFrames', ),

   689     0x0404: ('SerialNumber', ),

   690     0x1000: ('ShutterSpeedValue', ),

   691     0x1001: ('ISOValue', ),

   692     0x1002: ('ApertureValue', ),

   693     0x1003: ('BrightnessValue', ),

   694     0x1004: ('FlashMode', ),

   695     0x1004: ('FlashMode',

   696        {2: 'On',

   697         3: 'Off'}),

   698     0x1005: ('FlashDevice',

   699        {0: 'None',

   700         1: 'Internal',

   701         4: 'External',

   702         5: 'Internal + External'}),

   703     0x1006: ('ExposureCompensation', ),

   704     0x1007: ('SensorTemperature', ),

   705     0x1008: ('LensTemperature', ),

   706     0x100b: ('FocusMode',

   707        {0: 'Auto',

   708         1: 'Manual'}),

   709     0x1017: ('RedBalance', ),

   710     0x1018: ('BlueBalance', ),

   711     0x101a: ('SerialNumber', ),

   712     0x1023: ('FlashExposureComp', ),

   713     0x1026: ('ExternalFlashBounce',

   714        {0: 'No',

   715         1: 'Yes'}),

   716     0x1027: ('ExternalFlashZoom', ),

   717     0x1028: ('ExternalFlashMode', ),

   718     0x1029: ('Contrast 	int16u',

   719        {0: 'High',

   720         1: 'Normal',

   721         2: 'Low'}),

   722     0x102a: ('SharpnessFactor', ),

   723     0x102b: ('ColorControl', ),

   724     0x102c: ('ValidBits', ),

   725     0x102d: ('CoringFilter', ),

   726     0x102e: ('OlympusImageWidth', ),

   727     0x102f: ('OlympusImageHeight', ),

   728     0x1034: ('CompressionRatio', ),

   729     0x1035: ('PreviewImageValid',

   730        {0: 'No',

   731         1: 'Yes'}),

   732     0x1036: ('PreviewImageStart', ),

   733     0x1037: ('PreviewImageLength', ),

   734     0x1039: ('CCDScanMode',

   735        {0: 'Interlaced',

   736         1: 'Progressive'}),

   737     0x103a: ('NoiseReduction',

   738        {0: 'Off',

   739         1: 'On'}),

   740     0x103b: ('InfinityLensStep', ),

   741     0x103c: ('NearLensStep', ),

   742 

   743     # TODO - these need extra definitions

   744     # http://search.cpan.org/src/EXIFTOOL/Image-ExifTool-6.90/html/TagNames/Olympus.html

   745     0x2010: ('Equipment', ),

   746     0x2020: ('CameraSettings', ),

   747     0x2030: ('RawDevelopment', ),

   748     0x2040: ('ImageProcessing', ),

   749     0x2050: ('FocusInfo', ),

   750     0x3000: ('RawInfo ', ),

   751     }

   752 

   753 # 0x2020 CameraSettings

   754 MAKERNOTE_OLYMPUS_TAG_0x2020={

   755     0x0100: ('PreviewImageValid',

   756              {0: 'No',

   757               1: 'Yes'}),

   758     0x0101: ('PreviewImageStart', ),

   759     0x0102: ('PreviewImageLength', ),

   760     0x0200: ('ExposureMode',

   761              {1: 'Manual',

   762               2: 'Program',

   763               3: 'Aperture-priority AE',

   764               4: 'Shutter speed priority AE',

   765               5: 'Program-shift'}),

   766     0x0201: ('AELock',

   767              {0: 'Off',

   768               1: 'On'}),

   769     0x0202: ('MeteringMode',

   770              {2: 'Center Weighted',

   771               3: 'Spot',

   772               5: 'ESP',

   773               261: 'Pattern+AF',

   774               515: 'Spot+Highlight control',

   775               1027: 'Spot+Shadow control'}),

   776     0x0300: ('MacroMode',

   777              {0: 'Off',

   778               1: 'On'}),

   779     0x0301: ('FocusMode',

   780              {0: 'Single AF',

   781               1: 'Sequential shooting AF',

   782               2: 'Continuous AF',

   783               3: 'Multi AF',

   784               10: 'MF'}),

   785     0x0302: ('FocusProcess',

   786              {0: 'AF Not Used',

   787               1: 'AF Used'}),

   788     0x0303: ('AFSearch',

   789              {0: 'Not Ready',

   790               1: 'Ready'}),

   791     0x0304: ('AFAreas', ),

   792     0x0401: ('FlashExposureCompensation', ),

   793     0x0500: ('WhiteBalance2',

   794              {0: 'Auto',

   795              16: '7500K (Fine Weather with Shade)',

   796              17: '6000K (Cloudy)',

   797              18: '5300K (Fine Weather)',

   798              20: '3000K (Tungsten light)',

   799              21: '3600K (Tungsten light-like)',

   800              33: '6600K (Daylight fluorescent)',

   801              34: '4500K (Neutral white fluorescent)',

   802              35: '4000K (Cool white fluorescent)',

   803              48: '3600K (Tungsten light-like)',

   804              256: 'Custom WB 1',

   805              257: 'Custom WB 2',

   806              258: 'Custom WB 3',

   807              259: 'Custom WB 4',

   808              512: 'Custom WB 5400K',

   809              513: 'Custom WB 2900K',

   810              514: 'Custom WB 8000K', }),

   811     0x0501: ('WhiteBalanceTemperature', ),

   812     0x0502: ('WhiteBalanceBracket', ),

   813     0x0503: ('CustomSaturation', ), # (3 numbers: 1. CS Value, 2. Min, 3. Max)

   814     0x0504: ('ModifiedSaturation',

   815              {0: 'Off',

   816               1: 'CM1 (Red Enhance)',

   817               2: 'CM2 (Green Enhance)',

   818               3: 'CM3 (Blue Enhance)',

   819               4: 'CM4 (Skin Tones)'}),

   820     0x0505: ('ContrastSetting', ), # (3 numbers: 1. Contrast, 2. Min, 3. Max)

   821     0x0506: ('SharpnessSetting', ), # (3 numbers: 1. Sharpness, 2. Min, 3. Max)

   822     0x0507: ('ColorSpace',

   823              {0: 'sRGB',

   824               1: 'Adobe RGB',

   825               2: 'Pro Photo RGB'}),

   826     0x0509: ('SceneMode',

   827              {0: 'Standard',

   828               6: 'Auto',

   829               7: 'Sport',

   830               8: 'Portrait',

   831               9: 'Landscape+Portrait',

   832              10: 'Landscape',

   833              11: 'Night scene',

   834              13: 'Panorama',

   835              16: 'Landscape+Portrait',

   836              17: 'Night+Portrait',

   837              19: 'Fireworks',

   838              20: 'Sunset',

   839              22: 'Macro',

   840              25: 'Documents',

   841              26: 'Museum',

   842              28: 'Beach&Snow',

   843              30: 'Candle',

   844              35: 'Underwater Wide1',

   845              36: 'Underwater Macro',

   846              39: 'High Key',

   847              40: 'Digital Image Stabilization',

   848              44: 'Underwater Wide2',

   849              45: 'Low Key',

   850              46: 'Children',

   851              48: 'Nature Macro'}),

   852     0x050a: ('NoiseReduction',

   853              {0: 'Off',

   854               1: 'Noise Reduction',

   855               2: 'Noise Filter',

   856               3: 'Noise Reduction + Noise Filter',

   857               4: 'Noise Filter (ISO Boost)',

   858               5: 'Noise Reduction + Noise Filter (ISO Boost)'}),

   859     0x050b: ('DistortionCorrection',

   860              {0: 'Off',

   861               1: 'On'}),

   862     0x050c: ('ShadingCompensation',

   863              {0: 'Off',

   864               1: 'On'}),

   865     0x050d: ('CompressionFactor', ),

   866     0x050f: ('Gradation',

   867              {'-1 -1 1': 'Low Key',

   868               '0 -1 1': 'Normal',

   869               '1 -1 1': 'High Key'}),

   870     0x0520: ('PictureMode',

   871              {1: 'Vivid',

   872               2: 'Natural',

   873               3: 'Muted',

   874               256: 'Monotone',

   875               512: 'Sepia'}),

   876     0x0521: ('PictureModeSaturation', ),

   877     0x0522: ('PictureModeHue?', ),

   878     0x0523: ('PictureModeContrast', ),

   879     0x0524: ('PictureModeSharpness', ),

   880     0x0525: ('PictureModeBWFilter',

   881              {0: 'n/a',

   882               1: 'Neutral',

   883               2: 'Yellow',

   884               3: 'Orange',

   885               4: 'Red',

   886               5: 'Green'}),

   887     0x0526: ('PictureModeTone',

   888              {0: 'n/a',

   889               1: 'Neutral',

   890               2: 'Sepia',

   891               3: 'Blue',

   892               4: 'Purple',

   893               5: 'Green'}),

   894     0x0600: ('Sequence', ), # 2 or 3 numbers: 1. Mode, 2. Shot number, 3. Mode bits

   895     0x0601: ('PanoramaMode', ), # (2 numbers: 1. Mode, 2. Shot number)

   896     0x0603: ('ImageQuality2',

   897              {1: 'SQ',

   898               2: 'HQ',

   899               3: 'SHQ',

   900               4: 'RAW'}),

   901     0x0901: ('ManometerReading', ),

   902     }

   903 

   904 

   905 MAKERNOTE_CASIO_TAGS={

   906     0x0001: ('RecordingMode',

   907              {1: 'Single Shutter',

   908               2: 'Panorama',

   909               3: 'Night Scene',

   910               4: 'Portrait',

   911               5: 'Landscape'}),

   912     0x0002: ('Quality',

   913              {1: 'Economy',

   914               2: 'Normal',

   915               3: 'Fine'}),

   916     0x0003: ('FocusingMode',

   917              {2: 'Macro',

   918               3: 'Auto Focus',

   919               4: 'Manual Focus',

   920               5: 'Infinity'}),

   921     0x0004: ('FlashMode',

   922              {1: 'Auto',

   923               2: 'On',

   924               3: 'Off',

   925               4: 'Red Eye Reduction'}),

   926     0x0005: ('FlashIntensity',

   927              {11: 'Weak',

   928               13: 'Normal',

   929               15: 'Strong'}),

   930     0x0006: ('Object Distance', ),

   931     0x0007: ('WhiteBalance',

   932              {1: 'Auto',

   933               2: 'Tungsten',

   934               3: 'Daylight',

   935               4: 'Fluorescent',

   936               5: 'Shade',

   937               129: 'Manual'}),

   938     0x000B: ('Sharpness',

   939              {0: 'Normal',

   940               1: 'Soft',

   941               2: 'Hard'}),

   942     0x000C: ('Contrast',

   943              {0: 'Normal',

   944               1: 'Low',

   945               2: 'High'}),

   946     0x000D: ('Saturation',

   947              {0: 'Normal',

   948               1: 'Low',

   949               2: 'High'}),

   950     0x0014: ('CCDSpeed',

   951              {64: 'Normal',

   952               80: 'Normal',

   953               100: 'High',

   954               125: '+1.0',

   955               244: '+3.0',

   956               250: '+2.0'}),

   957     }

   958 

   959 MAKERNOTE_FUJIFILM_TAGS={

   960     0x0000: ('NoteVersion', make_string),

   961     0x1000: ('Quality', ),

   962     0x1001: ('Sharpness',

   963              {1: 'Soft',

   964               2: 'Soft',

   965               3: 'Normal',

   966               4: 'Hard',

   967               5: 'Hard'}),

   968     0x1002: ('WhiteBalance',

   969              {0: 'Auto',

   970               256: 'Daylight',

   971               512: 'Cloudy',

   972               768: 'DaylightColor-Fluorescent',

   973               769: 'DaywhiteColor-Fluorescent',

   974               770: 'White-Fluorescent',

   975               1024: 'Incandescent',

   976               3840: 'Custom'}),

   977     0x1003: ('Color',

   978              {0: 'Normal',

   979               256: 'High',

   980               512: 'Low'}),

   981     0x1004: ('Tone',

   982              {0: 'Normal',

   983               256: 'High',

   984               512: 'Low'}),

   985     0x1010: ('FlashMode',

   986              {0: 'Auto',

   987               1: 'On',

   988               2: 'Off',

   989               3: 'Red Eye Reduction'}),

   990     0x1011: ('FlashStrength', ),

   991     0x1020: ('Macro',

   992              {0: 'Off',

   993               1: 'On'}),

   994     0x1021: ('FocusMode',

   995              {0: 'Auto',

   996               1: 'Manual'}),

   997     0x1030: ('SlowSync',

   998              {0: 'Off',

   999               1: 'On'}),

  1000     0x1031: ('PictureMode',

  1001              {0: 'Auto',

  1002               1: 'Portrait',

  1003               2: 'Landscape',

  1004               4: 'Sports',

  1005               5: 'Night',

  1006               6: 'Program AE',

  1007               256: 'Aperture Priority AE',

  1008               512: 'Shutter Priority AE',

  1009               768: 'Manual Exposure'}),

  1010     0x1100: ('MotorOrBracket',

  1011              {0: 'Off',

  1012               1: 'On'}),

  1013     0x1300: ('BlurWarning',

  1014              {0: 'Off',

  1015               1: 'On'}),

  1016     0x1301: ('FocusWarning',

  1017              {0: 'Off',

  1018               1: 'On'}),

  1019     0x1302: ('AEWarning',

  1020              {0: 'Off',

  1021               1: 'On'}),

  1022     }

  1023 

  1024 MAKERNOTE_CANON_TAGS = {

  1025     0x0006: ('ImageType', ),

  1026     0x0007: ('FirmwareVersion', ),

  1027     0x0008: ('ImageNumber', ),

  1028     0x0009: ('OwnerName', ),

  1029     }

  1030 

  1031 # this is in element offset, name, optional value dictionary format

  1032 MAKERNOTE_CANON_TAG_0x001 = {

  1033     1: ('Macromode',

  1034         {1: 'Macro',

  1035          2: 'Normal'}),

  1036     2: ('SelfTimer', ),

  1037     3: ('Quality',

  1038         {2: 'Normal',

  1039          3: 'Fine',

  1040          5: 'Superfine'}),

  1041     4: ('FlashMode',

  1042         {0: 'Flash Not Fired',

  1043          1: 'Auto',

  1044          2: 'On',

  1045          3: 'Red-Eye Reduction',

  1046          4: 'Slow Synchro',

  1047          5: 'Auto + Red-Eye Reduction',

  1048          6: 'On + Red-Eye Reduction',

  1049          16: 'external flash'}),

  1050     5: ('ContinuousDriveMode',

  1051         {0: 'Single Or Timer',

  1052          1: 'Continuous'}),

  1053     7: ('FocusMode',

  1054         {0: 'One-Shot',

  1055          1: 'AI Servo',

  1056          2: 'AI Focus',

  1057          3: 'MF',

  1058          4: 'Single',

  1059          5: 'Continuous',

  1060          6: 'MF'}),

  1061     10: ('ImageSize',

  1062          {0: 'Large',

  1063           1: 'Medium',

  1064           2: 'Small'}),

  1065     11: ('EasyShootingMode',

  1066          {0: 'Full Auto',

  1067           1: 'Manual',

  1068           2: 'Landscape',

  1069           3: 'Fast Shutter',

  1070           4: 'Slow Shutter',

  1071           5: 'Night',

  1072           6: 'B&W',

  1073           7: 'Sepia',

  1074           8: 'Portrait',

  1075           9: 'Sports',

  1076           10: 'Macro/Close-Up',

  1077           11: 'Pan Focus'}),

  1078     12: ('DigitalZoom',

  1079          {0: 'None',

  1080           1: '2x',

  1081           2: '4x'}),

  1082     13: ('Contrast',

  1083          {0xFFFF: 'Low',

  1084           0: 'Normal',

  1085           1: 'High'}),

  1086     14: ('Saturation',

  1087          {0xFFFF: 'Low',

  1088           0: 'Normal',

  1089           1: 'High'}),

  1090     15: ('Sharpness',

  1091          {0xFFFF: 'Low',

  1092           0: 'Normal',

  1093           1: 'High'}),

  1094     16: ('ISO',

  1095          {0: 'See ISOSpeedRatings Tag',

  1096           15: 'Auto',

  1097           16: '50',

  1098           17: '100',

  1099           18: '200',

  1100           19: '400'}),

  1101     17: ('MeteringMode',

  1102          {3: 'Evaluative',

  1103           4: 'Partial',

  1104           5: 'Center-weighted'}),

  1105     18: ('FocusType',

  1106          {0: 'Manual',

  1107           1: 'Auto',

  1108           3: 'Close-Up (Macro)',

  1109           8: 'Locked (Pan Mode)'}),

  1110     19: ('AFPointSelected',

  1111          {0x3000: 'None (MF)',

  1112           0x3001: 'Auto-Selected',

  1113           0x3002: 'Right',

  1114           0x3003: 'Center',

  1115           0x3004: 'Left'}),

  1116     20: ('ExposureMode',

  1117          {0: 'Easy Shooting',

  1118           1: 'Program',

  1119           2: 'Tv-priority',

  1120           3: 'Av-priority',

  1121           4: 'Manual',

  1122           5: 'A-DEP'}),

  1123     23: ('LongFocalLengthOfLensInFocalUnits', ),

  1124     24: ('ShortFocalLengthOfLensInFocalUnits', ),

  1125     25: ('FocalUnitsPerMM', ),

  1126     28: ('FlashActivity',

  1127          {0: 'Did Not Fire',

  1128           1: 'Fired'}),

  1129     29: ('FlashDetails',

  1130          {14: 'External E-TTL',

  1131           13: 'Internal Flash',

  1132           11: 'FP Sync Used',

  1133           7: '2nd("Rear")-Curtain Sync Used',

  1134           4: 'FP Sync Enabled'}),

  1135     32: ('FocusMode',