terom@54: #!/usr/bin/env python
terom@54: # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
terom@54: #
terom@54: # Library to extract EXIF information from digital camera image files
terom@54: # http://sourceforge.net/projects/exif-py/
terom@54: #
terom@54: # VERSION 1.1.0
terom@54: #
terom@54: # To use this library call with:
terom@54: #    f = open(path_name, 'rb')
terom@54: #    tags = EXIF.process_file(f)
terom@54: #
terom@54: # To ignore MakerNote tags, pass the -q or --quick
terom@54: # command line arguments, or as
terom@54: #    tags = EXIF.process_file(f, details=False)
terom@54: #
terom@54: # To stop processing after a certain tag is retrieved,
terom@54: # pass the -t TAG or --stop-tag TAG argument, or as
terom@54: #    tags = EXIF.process_file(f, stop_tag='TAG')
terom@54: #
terom@54: # where TAG is a valid tag name, ex 'DateTimeOriginal'
terom@54: #
terom@54: # These 2 are useful when you are retrieving a large list of images
terom@54: #
terom@54: #
terom@54: # To return an error on invalid tags,
terom@54: # pass the -s or --strict argument, or as
terom@54: #    tags = EXIF.process_file(f, strict=True)
terom@54: #
terom@54: # Otherwise these tags will be ignored
terom@54: #
terom@54: # Returned tags will be a dictionary mapping names of EXIF tags to their
terom@54: # values in the file named by path_name.  You can process the tags
terom@54: # as you wish.  In particular, you can iterate through all the tags with:
terom@54: #     for tag in tags.keys():
terom@54: #         if tag not in ('JPEGThumbnail', 'TIFFThumbnail', 'Filename',
terom@54: #                        'EXIF MakerNote'):
terom@54: #             print "Key: %s, value %s" % (tag, tags[tag])
terom@54: # (This code uses the if statement to avoid printing out a few of the
terom@54: # tags that tend to be long or boring.)
terom@54: #
terom@54: # The tags dictionary will include keys for all of the usual EXIF
terom@54: # tags, and will also include keys for Makernotes used by some
terom@54: # cameras, for which we have a good specification.
terom@54: #
terom@54: # Note that the dictionary keys are the IFD name followed by the
terom@54: # tag name. For example:
terom@54: # 'EXIF DateTimeOriginal', 'Image Orientation', 'MakerNote FocusMode'
terom@54: #
terom@54: # Copyright (c) 2002-2007 Gene Cash All rights reserved
terom@54: # Copyright (c) 2007-2008 Ianaré Sévi All rights reserved
terom@54: #
terom@54: # Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
terom@54: # modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
terom@54: # are met:
terom@54: #
terom@54: #  1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
terom@54: #     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
terom@54: #
terom@54: #  2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
terom@54: #     copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
terom@54: #     disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
terom@54: #     with the distribution.
terom@54: #
terom@54: #  3. Neither the name of the authors nor the names of its contributors
terom@54: #     may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
terom@54: #     software without specific prior written permission.
terom@54: #
terom@54: # THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
terom@54: # "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
terom@54: # LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
terom@54: # A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
terom@54: # OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
terom@54: # SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
terom@54: # LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
terom@54: # DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
terom@54: # THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
terom@54: # (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
terom@54: # OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
terom@54: #
terom@54: #
terom@54: # ----- See 'changes.txt' file for all contributors and changes ----- #
terom@54: #
terom@98: import mmap
terom@54: 
terom@54: # Don't throw an exception when given an out of range character.
terom@54: def make_string(seq):
terom@54:     str = ''
terom@54:     for c in seq:
terom@54:         # Screen out non-printing characters
terom@54:         if 32 <= c and c < 256:
terom@54:             str += chr(c)
terom@54:     # If no printing chars
terom@54:     if not str:
terom@54:         return seq
terom@54:     return str
terom@54: 
terom@54: # Special version to deal with the code in the first 8 bytes of a user comment.
terom@54: # First 8 bytes gives coding system e.g. ASCII vs. JIS vs Unicode
terom@54: def make_string_uc(seq):
terom@54:     code = seq[0:8]
terom@54:     seq = seq[8:]
terom@54:     # Of course, this is only correct if ASCII, and the standard explicitly
terom@54:     # allows JIS and Unicode.
terom@54:     return make_string(seq)
terom@54: 
terom@54: # field type descriptions as (length, abbreviation, full name) tuples
terom@54: FIELD_TYPES = (
terom@54:     (0, 'X', 'Proprietary'), # no such type
terom@54:     (1, 'B', 'Byte'),
terom@54:     (1, 'A', 'ASCII'),
terom@54:     (2, 'S', 'Short'),
terom@54:     (4, 'L', 'Long'),
terom@54:     (8, 'R', 'Ratio'),
terom@54:     (1, 'SB', 'Signed Byte'),
terom@54:     (1, 'U', 'Undefined'),
terom@54:     (2, 'SS', 'Signed Short'),
terom@54:     (4, 'SL', 'Signed Long'),
terom@54:     (8, 'SR', 'Signed Ratio'),
terom@54:     )
terom@54: 
terom@54: # dictionary of main EXIF tag names
terom@54: # first element of tuple is tag name, optional second element is
terom@54: # another dictionary giving names to values
terom@54: EXIF_TAGS = {
terom@54:     0x0100: ('ImageWidth', ),
terom@54:     0x0101: ('ImageLength', ),
terom@54:     0x0102: ('BitsPerSample', ),
terom@54:     0x0103: ('Compression',
terom@54:              {1: 'Uncompressed',
terom@54:               2: 'CCITT 1D',
terom@54:               3: 'T4/Group 3 Fax',
terom@54:               4: 'T6/Group 4 Fax',
terom@54:               5: 'LZW',
terom@54:               6: 'JPEG (old-style)',
terom@54:               7: 'JPEG',
terom@54:               8: 'Adobe Deflate',
terom@54:               9: 'JBIG B&W',
terom@54:               10: 'JBIG Color',
terom@54:               32766: 'Next',
terom@54:               32769: 'Epson ERF Compressed',
terom@54:               32771: 'CCIRLEW',
terom@54:               32773: 'PackBits',
terom@54:               32809: 'Thunderscan',
terom@54:               32895: 'IT8CTPAD',
terom@54:               32896: 'IT8LW',
terom@54:               32897: 'IT8MP',
terom@54:               32898: 'IT8BL',
terom@54:               32908: 'PixarFilm',
terom@54:               32909: 'PixarLog',
terom@54:               32946: 'Deflate',
terom@54:               32947: 'DCS',
terom@54:               34661: 'JBIG',
terom@54:               34676: 'SGILog',
terom@54:               34677: 'SGILog24',
terom@54:               34712: 'JPEG 2000',
terom@54:               34713: 'Nikon NEF Compressed',
terom@54:               65000: 'Kodak DCR Compressed',
terom@54:               65535: 'Pentax PEF Compressed'}),
terom@54:     0x0106: ('PhotometricInterpretation', ),
terom@54:     0x0107: ('Thresholding', ),
terom@54:     0x010A: ('FillOrder', ),
terom@54:     0x010D: ('DocumentName', ),
terom@54:     0x010E: ('ImageDescription', ),
terom@54:     0x010F: ('Make', ),
terom@54:     0x0110: ('Model', ),
terom@54:     0x0111: ('StripOffsets', ),
terom@54:     0x0112: ('Orientation',
terom@54:              {1: 'Horizontal (normal)',
terom@54:               2: 'Mirrored horizontal',
terom@54:               3: 'Rotated 180',
terom@54:               4: 'Mirrored vertical',
terom@54:               5: 'Mirrored horizontal then rotated 90 CCW',
terom@54:               6: 'Rotated 90 CW',
terom@54:               7: 'Mirrored horizontal then rotated 90 CW',
terom@54:               8: 'Rotated 90 CCW'}),
terom@54:     0x0115: ('SamplesPerPixel', ),
terom@54:     0x0116: ('RowsPerStrip', ),
terom@54:     0x0117: ('StripByteCounts', ),
terom@54:     0x011A: ('XResolution', ),
terom@54:     0x011B: ('YResolution', ),
terom@54:     0x011C: ('PlanarConfiguration', ),
terom@54:     0x011D: ('PageName', make_string),
terom@54:     0x0128: ('ResolutionUnit',
terom@54:              {1: 'Not Absolute',
terom@54:               2: 'Pixels/Inch',
terom@54:               3: 'Pixels/Centimeter'}),
terom@54:     0x012D: ('TransferFunction', ),
terom@54:     0x0131: ('Software', ),
terom@54:     0x0132: ('DateTime', ),
terom@54:     0x013B: ('Artist', ),
terom@54:     0x013E: ('WhitePoint', ),
terom@54:     0x013F: ('PrimaryChromaticities', ),
terom@54:     0x0156: ('TransferRange', ),
terom@54:     0x0200: ('JPEGProc', ),
terom@54:     0x0201: ('JPEGInterchangeFormat', ),
terom@54:     0x0202: ('JPEGInterchangeFormatLength', ),
terom@54:     0x0211: ('YCbCrCoefficients', ),
terom@54:     0x0212: ('YCbCrSubSampling', ),
terom@54:     0x0213: ('YCbCrPositioning',
terom@54:              {1: 'Centered',
terom@54:               2: 'Co-sited'}),
terom@54:     0x0214: ('ReferenceBlackWhite', ),
terom@54:     
terom@54:     0x4746: ('Rating', ),
terom@54:     
terom@54:     0x828D: ('CFARepeatPatternDim', ),
terom@54:     0x828E: ('CFAPattern', ),
terom@54:     0x828F: ('BatteryLevel', ),
terom@54:     0x8298: ('Copyright', ),
terom@54:     0x829A: ('ExposureTime', ),
terom@54:     0x829D: ('FNumber', ),
terom@54:     0x83BB: ('IPTC/NAA', ),
terom@54:     0x8769: ('ExifOffset', ),
terom@54:     0x8773: ('InterColorProfile', ),
terom@54:     0x8822: ('ExposureProgram',
terom@54:              {0: 'Unidentified',
terom@54:               1: 'Manual',
terom@54:               2: 'Program Normal',
terom@54:               3: 'Aperture Priority',
terom@54:               4: 'Shutter Priority',
terom@54:               5: 'Program Creative',
terom@54:               6: 'Program Action',
terom@54:               7: 'Portrait Mode',
terom@54:               8: 'Landscape Mode'}),
terom@54:     0x8824: ('SpectralSensitivity', ),
terom@54:     0x8825: ('GPSInfo', ),
terom@54:     0x8827: ('ISOSpeedRatings', ),
terom@54:     0x8828: ('OECF', ),
terom@54:     0x9000: ('ExifVersion', make_string),
terom@54:     0x9003: ('DateTimeOriginal', ),
terom@54:     0x9004: ('DateTimeDigitized', ),
terom@54:     0x9101: ('ComponentsConfiguration',
terom@54:              {0: '',
terom@54:               1: 'Y',
terom@54:               2: 'Cb',
terom@54:               3: 'Cr',
terom@54:               4: 'Red',
terom@54:               5: 'Green',
terom@54:               6: 'Blue'}),
terom@54:     0x9102: ('CompressedBitsPerPixel', ),
terom@54:     0x9201: ('ShutterSpeedValue', ),
terom@54:     0x9202: ('ApertureValue', ),
terom@54:     0x9203: ('BrightnessValue', ),
terom@54:     0x9204: ('ExposureBiasValue', ),
terom@54:     0x9205: ('MaxApertureValue', ),
terom@54:     0x9206: ('SubjectDistance', ),
terom@54:     0x9207: ('MeteringMode',
terom@54:              {0: 'Unidentified',
terom@54:               1: 'Average',
terom@54:               2: 'CenterWeightedAverage',
terom@54:               3: 'Spot',
terom@54:               4: 'MultiSpot',
terom@54:               5: 'Pattern'}),
terom@54:     0x9208: ('LightSource',
terom@54:              {0: 'Unknown',
terom@54:               1: 'Daylight',
terom@54:               2: 'Fluorescent',
terom@54:               3: 'Tungsten',
terom@54:               9: 'Fine Weather',
terom@54:               10: 'Flash',
terom@54:               11: 'Shade',
terom@54:               12: 'Daylight Fluorescent',
terom@54:               13: 'Day White Fluorescent',
terom@54:               14: 'Cool White Fluorescent',
terom@54:               15: 'White Fluorescent',
terom@54:               17: 'Standard Light A',
terom@54:               18: 'Standard Light B',
terom@54:               19: 'Standard Light C',
terom@54:               20: 'D55',
terom@54:               21: 'D65',
terom@54:               22: 'D75',
terom@54:               255: 'Other'}),
terom@54:     0x9209: ('Flash',
terom@54:              {0: 'No',
terom@54:               1: 'Fired',
terom@54:               5: 'Fired (?)', # no return sensed
terom@54:               7: 'Fired (!)', # return sensed
terom@54:               9: 'Fill Fired',
terom@54:               13: 'Fill Fired (?)',
terom@54:               15: 'Fill Fired (!)',
terom@54:               16: 'Off',
terom@54:               24: 'Auto Off',
terom@54:               25: 'Auto Fired',
terom@54:               29: 'Auto Fired (?)',
terom@54:               31: 'Auto Fired (!)',
terom@54:               32: 'Not Available'}),
terom@54:     0x920A: ('FocalLength', ),
terom@54:     0x9214: ('SubjectArea', ),
terom@54:     0x927C: ('MakerNote', ),
terom@54:     0x9286: ('UserComment', make_string_uc),
terom@54:     0x9290: ('SubSecTime', ),
terom@54:     0x9291: ('SubSecTimeOriginal', ),
terom@54:     0x9292: ('SubSecTimeDigitized', ),
terom@54:     
terom@54:     # used by Windows Explorer
terom@54:     0x9C9B: ('XPTitle', ),
terom@54:     0x9C9C: ('XPComment', ),
terom@54:     0x9C9D: ('XPAuthor', ), #(ignored by Windows Explorer if Artist exists)
terom@54:     0x9C9E: ('XPKeywords', ),
terom@54:     0x9C9F: ('XPSubject', ),
terom@54: 
terom@54:     0xA000: ('FlashPixVersion', make_string),
terom@54:     0xA001: ('ColorSpace',
terom@54:              {1: 'sRGB',
terom@54:               2: 'Adobe RGB',
terom@54:               65535: 'Uncalibrated'}),
terom@54:     0xA002: ('ExifImageWidth', ),
terom@54:     0xA003: ('ExifImageLength', ),
terom@54:     0xA005: ('InteroperabilityOffset', ),
terom@54:     0xA20B: ('FlashEnergy', ),               # 0x920B in TIFF/EP
terom@54:     0xA20C: ('SpatialFrequencyResponse', ),  # 0x920C
terom@54:     0xA20E: ('FocalPlaneXResolution', ),     # 0x920E
terom@54:     0xA20F: ('FocalPlaneYResolution', ),     # 0x920F
terom@54:     0xA210: ('FocalPlaneResolutionUnit', ),  # 0x9210
terom@54:     0xA214: ('SubjectLocation', ),           # 0x9214
terom@54:     0xA215: ('ExposureIndex', ),             # 0x9215
terom@54:     0xA217: ('SensingMethod',                # 0x9217
terom@54:              {1: 'Not defined',
terom@54:               2: 'One-chip color area',
terom@54:               3: 'Two-chip color area',
terom@54:               4: 'Three-chip color area',
terom@54:               5: 'Color sequential area',
terom@54:               7: 'Trilinear',
terom@54:               8: 'Color sequential linear'}),             
terom@54:     0xA300: ('FileSource',
terom@54:              {1: 'Film Scanner',
terom@54:               2: 'Reflection Print Scanner',
terom@54:               3: 'Digital Camera'}),
terom@54:     0xA301: ('SceneType',
terom@54:              {1: 'Directly Photographed'}),
terom@54:     0xA302: ('CVAPattern', ),
terom@54:     0xA401: ('CustomRendered',
terom@54:              {0: 'Normal',
terom@54:               1: 'Custom'}),
terom@54:     0xA402: ('ExposureMode',
terom@54:              {0: 'Auto Exposure',
terom@54:               1: 'Manual Exposure',
terom@54:               2: 'Auto Bracket'}),
terom@54:     0xA403: ('WhiteBalance',
terom@54:              {0: 'Auto',
terom@54:               1: 'Manual'}),
terom@54:     0xA404: ('DigitalZoomRatio', ),
terom@54:     0xA405: ('FocalLengthIn35mmFilm', ),
terom@54:     0xA406: ('SceneCaptureType',
terom@54:              {0: 'Standard',
terom@54:               1: 'Landscape',
terom@54:               2: 'Portrait',
terom@54:               3: 'Night)'}),
terom@54:     0xA407: ('GainControl',
terom@54:              {0: 'None',
terom@54:               1: 'Low gain up',
terom@54:               2: 'High gain up',
terom@54:               3: 'Low gain down',
terom@54:               4: 'High gain down'}),
terom@54:     0xA408: ('Contrast',
terom@54:              {0: 'Normal',
terom@54:               1: 'Soft',
terom@54:               2: 'Hard'}),
terom@54:     0xA409: ('Saturation',
terom@54:              {0: 'Normal',
terom@54:               1: 'Soft',
terom@54:               2: 'Hard'}),
terom@54:     0xA40A: ('Sharpness',
terom@54:              {0: 'Normal',
terom@54:               1: 'Soft',
terom@54:               2: 'Hard'}),
terom@54:     0xA40B: ('DeviceSettingDescription', ),
terom@54:     0xA40C: ('SubjectDistanceRange', ),
terom@54:     0xA500: ('Gamma', ),
terom@54:     0xC4A5: ('PrintIM', ),
terom@54:     0xEA1C:	('Padding', ),
terom@54:     }
terom@54: 
terom@54: # interoperability tags
terom@54: INTR_TAGS = {
terom@54:     0x0001: ('InteroperabilityIndex', ),
terom@54:     0x0002: ('InteroperabilityVersion', ),
terom@54:     0x1000: ('RelatedImageFileFormat', ),
terom@54:     0x1001: ('RelatedImageWidth', ),
terom@54:     0x1002: ('RelatedImageLength', ),
terom@54:     }
terom@54: 
terom@54: # GPS tags (not used yet, haven't seen camera with GPS)
terom@54: GPS_TAGS = {
terom@54:     0x0000: ('GPSVersionID', ),
terom@54:     0x0001: ('GPSLatitudeRef', ),
terom@54:     0x0002: ('GPSLatitude', ),
terom@54:     0x0003: ('GPSLongitudeRef', ),
terom@54:     0x0004: ('GPSLongitude', ),
terom@54:     0x0005: ('GPSAltitudeRef', ),
terom@54:     0x0006: ('GPSAltitude', ),
terom@54:     0x0007: ('GPSTimeStamp', ),
terom@54:     0x0008: ('GPSSatellites', ),
terom@54:     0x0009: ('GPSStatus', ),
terom@54:     0x000A: ('GPSMeasureMode', ),
terom@54:     0x000B: ('GPSDOP', ),
terom@54:     0x000C: ('GPSSpeedRef', ),
terom@54:     0x000D: ('GPSSpeed', ),
terom@54:     0x000E: ('GPSTrackRef', ),
terom@54:     0x000F: ('GPSTrack', ),
terom@54:     0x0010: ('GPSImgDirectionRef', ),
terom@54:     0x0011: ('GPSImgDirection', ),
terom@54:     0x0012: ('GPSMapDatum', ),
terom@54:     0x0013: ('GPSDestLatitudeRef', ),
terom@54:     0x0014: ('GPSDestLatitude', ),
terom@54:     0x0015: ('GPSDestLongitudeRef', ),
terom@54:     0x0016: ('GPSDestLongitude', ),
terom@54:     0x0017: ('GPSDestBearingRef', ),
terom@54:     0x0018: ('GPSDestBearing', ),
terom@54:     0x0019: ('GPSDestDistanceRef', ),
terom@54:     0x001A: ('GPSDestDistance', ),
terom@54:     0x001D: ('GPSDate', ),
terom@54:     }
terom@54: 
terom@54: # Ignore these tags when quick processing
terom@54: # 0x927C is MakerNote Tags
terom@54: # 0x9286 is user comment
terom@54: IGNORE_TAGS=(0x9286, 0x927C)
terom@54: 
terom@54: # http://tomtia.plala.jp/DigitalCamera/MakerNote/index.asp
terom@54: def nikon_ev_bias(seq):
terom@54:     # First digit seems to be in steps of 1/6 EV.
terom@54:     # Does the third value mean the step size?  It is usually 6,
terom@54:     # but it is 12 for the ExposureDifference.
terom@54:     #
terom@54:     # Check for an error condition that could cause a crash.
terom@54:     # This only happens if something has gone really wrong in
terom@54:     # reading the Nikon MakerNote.
terom@54:     if len( seq ) < 4 : return ""
terom@54:     #
terom@54:     if seq == [252, 1, 6, 0]:
terom@54:         return "-2/3 EV"
terom@54:     if seq == [253, 1, 6, 0]:
terom@54:         return "-1/2 EV"
terom@54:     if seq == [254, 1, 6, 0]:
terom@54:         return "-1/3 EV"
terom@54:     if seq == [0, 1, 6, 0]:
terom@54:         return "0 EV"
terom@54:     if seq == [2, 1, 6, 0]:
terom@54:         return "+1/3 EV"
terom@54:     if seq == [3, 1, 6, 0]:
terom@54:         return "+1/2 EV"
terom@54:     if seq == [4, 1, 6, 0]:
terom@54:         return "+2/3 EV"
terom@54:     # Handle combinations not in the table.
terom@54:     a = seq[0]
terom@54:     # Causes headaches for the +/- logic, so special case it.
terom@54:     if a == 0:
terom@54:         return "0 EV"
terom@54:     if a > 127:
terom@54:         a = 256 - a
terom@54:         ret_str = "-"
terom@54:     else:
terom@54:         ret_str = "+"
terom@54:     b = seq[2]	# Assume third value means the step size
terom@54:     whole = a / b
terom@54:     a = a % b
terom@54:     if whole != 0:
terom@54:         ret_str = ret_str + str(whole) + " "
terom@54:     if a == 0:
terom@54:         ret_str = ret_str + "EV"
terom@54:     else:
terom@54:         r = Ratio(a, b)
terom@54:         ret_str = ret_str + r.__repr__() + " EV"
terom@54:     return ret_str
terom@54: 
terom@54: # Nikon E99x MakerNote Tags
terom@54: MAKERNOTE_NIKON_NEWER_TAGS={
terom@54:     0x0001: ('MakernoteVersion', make_string),	# Sometimes binary
terom@54:     0x0002: ('ISOSetting', make_string),
terom@54:     0x0003: ('ColorMode', ),
terom@54:     0x0004: ('Quality', ),
terom@54:     0x0005: ('Whitebalance', ),
terom@54:     0x0006: ('ImageSharpening', ),
terom@54:     0x0007: ('FocusMode', ),
terom@54:     0x0008: ('FlashSetting', ),
terom@54:     0x0009: ('AutoFlashMode', ),
terom@54:     0x000B: ('WhiteBalanceBias', ),
terom@54:     0x000C: ('WhiteBalanceRBCoeff', ),
terom@54:     0x000D: ('ProgramShift', nikon_ev_bias),
terom@54:     # Nearly the same as the other EV vals, but step size is 1/12 EV (?)
terom@54:     0x000E: ('ExposureDifference', nikon_ev_bias),
terom@54:     0x000F: ('ISOSelection', ),
terom@54:     0x0011: ('NikonPreview', ),
terom@54:     0x0012: ('FlashCompensation', nikon_ev_bias),
terom@54:     0x0013: ('ISOSpeedRequested', ),
terom@54:     0x0016: ('PhotoCornerCoordinates', ),
terom@54:     # 0x0017: Unknown, but most likely an EV value
terom@54:     0x0018: ('FlashBracketCompensationApplied', nikon_ev_bias),
terom@54:     0x0019: ('AEBracketCompensationApplied', ),
terom@54:     0x001A: ('ImageProcessing', ),
terom@54:     0x001B: ('CropHiSpeed', ),
terom@54:     0x001D: ('SerialNumber', ),	# Conflict with 0x00A0 ?
terom@54:     0x001E: ('ColorSpace', ),
terom@54:     0x001F: ('VRInfo', ),
terom@54:     0x0020: ('ImageAuthentication', ),
terom@54:     0x0022: ('ActiveDLighting', ),
terom@54:     0x0023: ('PictureControl', ),
terom@54:     0x0024: ('WorldTime', ),
terom@54:     0x0025: ('ISOInfo', ),
terom@54:     0x0080: ('ImageAdjustment', ),
terom@54:     0x0081: ('ToneCompensation', ),
terom@54:     0x0082: ('AuxiliaryLens', ),
terom@54:     0x0083: ('LensType', ),
terom@54:     0x0084: ('LensMinMaxFocalMaxAperture', ),
terom@54:     0x0085: ('ManualFocusDistance', ),
terom@54:     0x0086: ('DigitalZoomFactor', ),
terom@54:     0x0087: ('FlashMode',
terom@54:              {0x00: 'Did Not Fire',
terom@54:               0x01: 'Fired, Manual',
terom@54:               0x07: 'Fired, External',
terom@54:               0x08: 'Fired, Commander Mode ',
terom@54:               0x09: 'Fired, TTL Mode'}),
terom@54:     0x0088: ('AFFocusPosition',
terom@54:              {0x0000: 'Center',
terom@54:               0x0100: 'Top',
terom@54:               0x0200: 'Bottom',
terom@54:               0x0300: 'Left',
terom@54:               0x0400: 'Right'}),
terom@54:     0x0089: ('BracketingMode',
terom@54:              {0x00: 'Single frame, no bracketing',
terom@54:               0x01: 'Continuous, no bracketing',
terom@54:               0x02: 'Timer, no bracketing',
terom@54:               0x10: 'Single frame, exposure bracketing',
terom@54:               0x11: 'Continuous, exposure bracketing',
terom@54:               0x12: 'Timer, exposure bracketing',
terom@54:               0x40: 'Single frame, white balance bracketing',
terom@54:               0x41: 'Continuous, white balance bracketing',
terom@54:               0x42: 'Timer, white balance bracketing'}),
terom@54:     0x008A: ('AutoBracketRelease', ),
terom@54:     0x008B: ('LensFStops', ),
terom@54:     0x008C: ('NEFCurve1', ),	# ExifTool calls this 'ContrastCurve'
terom@54:     0x008D: ('ColorMode', ),
terom@54:     0x008F: ('SceneMode', ),
terom@54:     0x0090: ('LightingType', ),
terom@54:     0x0091: ('ShotInfo', ),	# First 4 bytes are a version number in ASCII
terom@54:     0x0092: ('HueAdjustment', ),
terom@54:     # ExifTool calls this 'NEFCompression', should be 1-4
terom@54:     0x0093: ('Compression', ),
terom@54:     0x0094: ('Saturation',
terom@54:              {-3: 'B&W',
terom@54:               -2: '-2',
terom@54:               -1: '-1',
terom@54:               0: '0',
terom@54:               1: '1',
terom@54:               2: '2'}),
terom@54:     0x0095: ('NoiseReduction', ),
terom@54:     0x0096: ('NEFCurve2', ),	# ExifTool calls this 'LinearizationTable'
terom@54:     0x0097: ('ColorBalance', ),	# First 4 bytes are a version number in ASCII
terom@54:     0x0098: ('LensData', ),	# First 4 bytes are a version number in ASCII
terom@54:     0x0099: ('RawImageCenter', ),
terom@54:     0x009A: ('SensorPixelSize', ),
terom@54:     0x009C: ('Scene Assist', ),
terom@54:     0x009E: ('RetouchHistory', ),
terom@54:     0x00A0: ('SerialNumber', ),
terom@54:     0x00A2: ('ImageDataSize', ),
terom@54:     # 00A3: unknown - a single byte 0
terom@54:     # 00A4: In NEF, looks like a 4 byte ASCII version number ('0200')
terom@54:     0x00A5: ('ImageCount', ),
terom@54:     0x00A6: ('DeletedImageCount', ),
terom@54:     0x00A7: ('TotalShutterReleases', ),
terom@54:     # First 4 bytes are a version number in ASCII, with version specific
terom@54:     # info to follow.  Its hard to treat it as a string due to embedded nulls.
terom@54:     0x00A8: ('FlashInfo', ),
terom@54:     0x00A9: ('ImageOptimization', ),
terom@54:     0x00AA: ('Saturation', ),
terom@54:     0x00AB: ('DigitalVariProgram', ),
terom@54:     0x00AC: ('ImageStabilization', ),
terom@54:     0x00AD: ('Responsive AF', ),	# 'AFResponse'
terom@54:     0x00B0: ('MultiExposure', ),
terom@54:     0x00B1: ('HighISONoiseReduction', ),
terom@54:     0x00B7: ('AFInfo', ),
terom@54:     0x00B8: ('FileInfo', ),
terom@54:     # 00B9: unknown
terom@54:     0x0100: ('DigitalICE', ),
terom@54:     0x0103: ('PreviewCompression',
terom@54:              {1: 'Uncompressed',
terom@54:               2: 'CCITT 1D',
terom@54:               3: 'T4/Group 3 Fax',
terom@54:               4: 'T6/Group 4 Fax',
terom@54:               5: 'LZW',
terom@54:               6: 'JPEG (old-style)',
terom@54:               7: 'JPEG',
terom@54:               8: 'Adobe Deflate',
terom@54:               9: 'JBIG B&W',
terom@54:               10: 'JBIG Color',
terom@54:               32766: 'Next',
terom@54:               32769: 'Epson ERF Compressed',
terom@54:               32771: 'CCIRLEW',
terom@54:               32773: 'PackBits',
terom@54:               32809: 'Thunderscan',
terom@54:               32895: 'IT8CTPAD',
terom@54:               32896: 'IT8LW',
terom@54:               32897: 'IT8MP',
terom@54:               32898: 'IT8BL',
terom@54:               32908: 'PixarFilm',
terom@54:               32909: 'PixarLog',
terom@54:               32946: 'Deflate',
terom@54:               32947: 'DCS',
terom@54:               34661: 'JBIG',
terom@54:               34676: 'SGILog',
terom@54:               34677: 'SGILog24',
terom@54:               34712: 'JPEG 2000',
terom@54:               34713: 'Nikon NEF Compressed',
terom@54:               65000: 'Kodak DCR Compressed',
terom@54:               65535: 'Pentax PEF Compressed',}),
terom@54:     0x0201: ('PreviewImageStart', ),
terom@54:     0x0202: ('PreviewImageLength', ),
terom@54:     0x0213: ('PreviewYCbCrPositioning',
terom@54:              {1: 'Centered',
terom@54:               2: 'Co-sited'}), 
terom@54:     0x0010: ('DataDump', ),
terom@54:     }
terom@54: 
terom@54: MAKERNOTE_NIKON_OLDER_TAGS = {
terom@54:     0x0003: ('Quality',
terom@54:              {1: 'VGA Basic',
terom@54:               2: 'VGA Normal',
terom@54:               3: 'VGA Fine',
terom@54:               4: 'SXGA Basic',
terom@54:               5: 'SXGA Normal',
terom@54:               6: 'SXGA Fine'}),
terom@54:     0x0004: ('ColorMode',
terom@54:              {1: 'Color',
terom@54:               2: 'Monochrome'}),
terom@54:     0x0005: ('ImageAdjustment',
terom@54:              {0: 'Normal',
terom@54:               1: 'Bright+',
terom@54:               2: 'Bright-',
terom@54:               3: 'Contrast+',
terom@54:               4: 'Contrast-'}),
terom@54:     0x0006: ('CCDSpeed',
terom@54:              {0: 'ISO 80',
terom@54:               2: 'ISO 160',
terom@54:               4: 'ISO 320',
terom@54:               5: 'ISO 100'}),
terom@54:     0x0007: ('WhiteBalance',
terom@54:              {0: 'Auto',
terom@54:               1: 'Preset',
terom@54:               2: 'Daylight',
terom@54:               3: 'Incandescent',
terom@54:               4: 'Fluorescent',
terom@54:               5: 'Cloudy',
terom@54:               6: 'Speed Light'}),
terom@54:     }
terom@54: 
terom@54: # decode Olympus SpecialMode tag in MakerNote
terom@54: def olympus_special_mode(v):
terom@54:     a={
terom@54:         0: 'Normal',
terom@54:         1: 'Unknown',
terom@54:         2: 'Fast',
terom@54:         3: 'Panorama'}
terom@54:     b={
terom@54:         0: 'Non-panoramic',
terom@54:         1: 'Left to right',
terom@54:         2: 'Right to left',
terom@54:         3: 'Bottom to top',
terom@54:         4: 'Top to bottom'}
terom@54:     if v[0] not in a or v[2] not in b:
terom@54:         return v
terom@54:     return '%s - sequence %d - %s' % (a[v[0]], v[1], b[v[2]])
terom@54: 
terom@54: MAKERNOTE_OLYMPUS_TAGS={
terom@54:     # ah HAH! those sneeeeeaky bastids! this is how they get past the fact
terom@54:     # that a JPEG thumbnail is not allowed in an uncompressed TIFF file
terom@54:     0x0100: ('JPEGThumbnail', ),
terom@54:     0x0200: ('SpecialMode', olympus_special_mode),
terom@54:     0x0201: ('JPEGQual',
terom@54:              {1: 'SQ',
terom@54:               2: 'HQ',
terom@54:               3: 'SHQ'}),
terom@54:     0x0202: ('Macro',
terom@54:              {0: 'Normal',
terom@54:              1: 'Macro',
terom@54:              2: 'SuperMacro'}),
terom@54:     0x0203: ('BWMode',
terom@54:              {0: 'Off',
terom@54:              1: 'On'}),
terom@54:     0x0204: ('DigitalZoom', ),
terom@54:     0x0205: ('FocalPlaneDiagonal', ),
terom@54:     0x0206: ('LensDistortionParams', ),
terom@54:     0x0207: ('SoftwareRelease', ),
terom@54:     0x0208: ('PictureInfo', ),
terom@54:     0x0209: ('CameraID', make_string), # print as string
terom@54:     0x0F00: ('DataDump', ),
terom@54:     0x0300: ('PreCaptureFrames', ),
terom@54:     0x0404: ('SerialNumber', ),
terom@54:     0x1000: ('ShutterSpeedValue', ),
terom@54:     0x1001: ('ISOValue', ),
terom@54:     0x1002: ('ApertureValue', ),
terom@54:     0x1003: ('BrightnessValue', ),
terom@54:     0x1004: ('FlashMode', ),
terom@54:     0x1004: ('FlashMode',
terom@54:        {2: 'On',
terom@54:         3: 'Off'}),
terom@54:     0x1005: ('FlashDevice',
terom@54:        {0: 'None',
terom@54:         1: 'Internal',
terom@54:         4: 'External',
terom@54:         5: 'Internal + External'}),
terom@54:     0x1006: ('ExposureCompensation', ),
terom@54:     0x1007: ('SensorTemperature', ),
terom@54:     0x1008: ('LensTemperature', ),
terom@54:     0x100b: ('FocusMode',
terom@54:        {0: 'Auto',
terom@54:         1: 'Manual'}),
terom@54:     0x1017: ('RedBalance', ),
terom@54:     0x1018: ('BlueBalance', ),
terom@54:     0x101a: ('SerialNumber', ),
terom@54:     0x1023: ('FlashExposureComp', ),
terom@54:     0x1026: ('ExternalFlashBounce',
terom@54:        {0: 'No',
terom@54:         1: 'Yes'}),
terom@54:     0x1027: ('ExternalFlashZoom', ),
terom@54:     0x1028: ('ExternalFlashMode', ),
terom@54:     0x1029: ('Contrast 	int16u',
terom@54:        {0: 'High',
terom@54:         1: 'Normal',
terom@54:         2: 'Low'}),
terom@54:     0x102a: ('SharpnessFactor', ),
terom@54:     0x102b: ('ColorControl', ),
terom@54:     0x102c: ('ValidBits', ),
terom@54:     0x102d: ('CoringFilter', ),
terom@54:     0x102e: ('OlympusImageWidth', ),
terom@54:     0x102f: ('OlympusImageHeight', ),
terom@54:     0x1034: ('CompressionRatio', ),
terom@54:     0x1035: ('PreviewImageValid',
terom@54:        {0: 'No',
terom@54:         1: 'Yes'}),
terom@54:     0x1036: ('PreviewImageStart', ),
terom@54:     0x1037: ('PreviewImageLength', ),
terom@54:     0x1039: ('CCDScanMode',
terom@54:        {0: 'Interlaced',
terom@54:         1: 'Progressive'}),
terom@54:     0x103a: ('NoiseReduction',
terom@54:        {0: 'Off',
terom@54:         1: 'On'}),
terom@54:     0x103b: ('InfinityLensStep', ),
terom@54:     0x103c: ('NearLensStep', ),
terom@54: 
terom@54:     # TODO - these need extra definitions
terom@54:     # http://search.cpan.org/src/EXIFTOOL/Image-ExifTool-6.90/html/TagNames/Olympus.html
terom@54:     0x2010: ('Equipment', ),
terom@54:     0x2020: ('CameraSettings', ),
terom@54:     0x2030: ('RawDevelopment', ),
terom@54:     0x2040: ('ImageProcessing', ),
terom@54:     0x2050: ('FocusInfo', ),
terom@54:     0x3000: ('RawInfo ', ),
terom@54:     }
terom@54: 
terom@54: # 0x2020 CameraSettings
terom@54: MAKERNOTE_OLYMPUS_TAG_0x2020={
terom@54:     0x0100: ('PreviewImageValid',
terom@54:              {0: 'No',
terom@54:               1: 'Yes'}),
terom@54:     0x0101: ('PreviewImageStart', ),
terom@54:     0x0102: ('PreviewImageLength', ),
terom@54:     0x0200: ('ExposureMode',
terom@54:              {1: 'Manual',
terom@54:               2: 'Program',
terom@54:               3: 'Aperture-priority AE',
terom@54:               4: 'Shutter speed priority AE',
terom@54:               5: 'Program-shift'}),
terom@54:     0x0201: ('AELock',
terom@54:              {0: 'Off',
terom@54:               1: 'On'}),
terom@54:     0x0202: ('MeteringMode',
terom@54:              {2: 'Center Weighted',
terom@54:               3: 'Spot',
terom@54:               5: 'ESP',
terom@54:               261: 'Pattern+AF',
terom@54:               515: 'Spot+Highlight control',
terom@54:               1027: 'Spot+Shadow control'}),
terom@54:     0x0300: ('MacroMode',
terom@54:              {0: 'Off',
terom@54:               1: 'On'}),
terom@54:     0x0301: ('FocusMode',
terom@54:              {0: 'Single AF',
terom@54:               1: 'Sequential shooting AF',
terom@54:               2: 'Continuous AF',
terom@54:               3: 'Multi AF',
terom@54:               10: 'MF'}),
terom@54:     0x0302: ('FocusProcess',
terom@54:              {0: 'AF Not Used',
terom@54:               1: 'AF Used'}),
terom@54:     0x0303: ('AFSearch',
terom@54:              {0: 'Not Ready',
terom@54:               1: 'Ready'}),
terom@54:     0x0304: ('AFAreas', ),
terom@54:     0x0401: ('FlashExposureCompensation', ),
terom@54:     0x0500: ('WhiteBalance2',
terom@54:              {0: 'Auto',
terom@54:              16: '7500K (Fine Weather with Shade)',
terom@54:              17: '6000K (Cloudy)',
terom@54:              18: '5300K (Fine Weather)',
terom@54:              20: '3000K (Tungsten light)',
terom@54:              21: '3600K (Tungsten light-like)',
terom@54:              33: '6600K (Daylight fluorescent)',
terom@54:              34: '4500K (Neutral white fluorescent)',
terom@54:              35: '4000K (Cool white fluorescent)',
terom@54:              48: '3600K (Tungsten light-like)',
terom@54:              256: 'Custom WB 1',
terom@54:              257: 'Custom WB 2',
terom@54:              258: 'Custom WB 3',
terom@54:              259: 'Custom WB 4',
terom@54:              512: 'Custom WB 5400K',
terom@54:              513: 'Custom WB 2900K',
terom@54:              514: 'Custom WB 8000K', }),
terom@54:     0x0501: ('WhiteBalanceTemperature', ),
terom@54:     0x0502: ('WhiteBalanceBracket', ),
terom@54:     0x0503: ('CustomSaturation', ), # (3 numbers: 1. CS Value, 2. Min, 3. Max)
terom@54:     0x0504: ('ModifiedSaturation',
terom@54:              {0: 'Off',
terom@54:               1: 'CM1 (Red Enhance)',
terom@54:               2: 'CM2 (Green Enhance)',
terom@54:               3: 'CM3 (Blue Enhance)',
terom@54:               4: 'CM4 (Skin Tones)'}),
terom@54:     0x0505: ('ContrastSetting', ), # (3 numbers: 1. Contrast, 2. Min, 3. Max)
terom@54:     0x0506: ('SharpnessSetting', ), # (3 numbers: 1. Sharpness, 2. Min, 3. Max)
terom@54:     0x0507: ('ColorSpace',
terom@54:              {0: 'sRGB',
terom@54:               1: 'Adobe RGB',
terom@54:               2: 'Pro Photo RGB'}),
terom@54:     0x0509: ('SceneMode',
terom@54:              {0: 'Standard',
terom@54:               6: 'Auto',
terom@54:               7: 'Sport',
terom@54:               8: 'Portrait',
terom@54:               9: 'Landscape+Portrait',
terom@54:              10: 'Landscape',
terom@54:              11: 'Night scene',
terom@54:              13: 'Panorama',
terom@54:              16: 'Landscape+Portrait',
terom@54:              17: 'Night+Portrait',
terom@54:              19: 'Fireworks',
terom@54:              20: 'Sunset',
terom@54:              22: 'Macro',
terom@54:              25: 'Documents',
terom@54:              26: 'Museum',
terom@54:              28: 'Beach&Snow',
terom@54:              30: 'Candle',
terom@54:              35: 'Underwater Wide1',
terom@54:              36: 'Underwater Macro',
terom@54:              39: 'High Key',
terom@54:              40: 'Digital Image Stabilization',
terom@54:              44: 'Underwater Wide2',
terom@54:              45: 'Low Key',
terom@54:              46: 'Children',
terom@54:              48: 'Nature Macro'}),
terom@54:     0x050a: ('NoiseReduction',
terom@54:              {0: 'Off',
terom@54:               1: 'Noise Reduction',
terom@54:               2: 'Noise Filter',
terom@54:               3: 'Noise Reduction + Noise Filter',
terom@54:               4: 'Noise Filter (ISO Boost)',
terom@54:               5: 'Noise Reduction + Noise Filter (ISO Boost)'}),
terom@54:     0x050b: ('DistortionCorrection',
terom@54:              {0: 'Off',
terom@54:               1: 'On'}),
terom@54:     0x050c: ('ShadingCompensation',
terom@54:              {0: 'Off',
terom@54:               1: 'On'}),
terom@54:     0x050d: ('CompressionFactor', ),
terom@54:     0x050f: ('Gradation',
terom@54:              {'-1 -1 1': 'Low Key',
terom@54:               '0 -1 1': 'Normal',
terom@54:               '1 -1 1': 'High Key'}),
terom@54:     0x0520: ('PictureMode',
terom@54:              {1: 'Vivid',
terom@54:               2: 'Natural',
terom@54:               3: 'Muted',
terom@54:               256: 'Monotone',
terom@54:               512: 'Sepia'}),
terom@54:     0x0521: ('PictureModeSaturation', ),
terom@54:     0x0522: ('PictureModeHue?', ),
terom@54:     0x0523: ('PictureModeContrast', ),
terom@54:     0x0524: ('PictureModeSharpness', ),
terom@54:     0x0525: ('PictureModeBWFilter',
terom@54:              {0: 'n/a',
terom@54:               1: 'Neutral',
terom@54:               2: 'Yellow',
terom@54:               3: 'Orange',
terom@54:               4: 'Red',
terom@54:               5: 'Green'}),
terom@54:     0x0526: ('PictureModeTone',
terom@54:              {0: 'n/a',
terom@54:               1: 'Neutral',
terom@54:               2: 'Sepia',
terom@54:               3: 'Blue',
terom@54:               4: 'Purple',
terom@54:               5: 'Green'}),
terom@54:     0x0600: ('Sequence', ), # 2 or 3 numbers: 1. Mode, 2. Shot number, 3. Mode bits
terom@54:     0x0601: ('PanoramaMode', ), # (2 numbers: 1. Mode, 2. Shot number)
terom@54:     0x0603: ('ImageQuality2',
terom@54:              {1: 'SQ',
terom@54:               2: 'HQ',
terom@54:               3: 'SHQ',
terom@54:               4: 'RAW'}),
terom@54:     0x0901: ('ManometerReading', ),
terom@54:     }
terom@54: 
terom@54: 
terom@54: MAKERNOTE_CASIO_TAGS={
terom@54:     0x0001: ('RecordingMode',
terom@54:              {1: 'Single Shutter',
terom@54:               2: 'Panorama',
terom@54:               3: 'Night Scene',
terom@54:               4: 'Portrait',
terom@54:               5: 'Landscape'}),
terom@54:     0x0002: ('Quality',
terom@54:              {1: 'Economy',
terom@54:               2: 'Normal',
terom@54:               3: 'Fine'}),
terom@54:     0x0003: ('FocusingMode',
terom@54:              {2: 'Macro',
terom@54:               3: 'Auto Focus',
terom@54:               4: 'Manual Focus',
terom@54:               5: 'Infinity'}),
terom@54:     0x0004: ('FlashMode',
terom@54:              {1: 'Auto',
terom@54:               2: 'On',
terom@54:               3: 'Off',
terom@54:               4: 'Red Eye Reduction'}),
terom@54:     0x0005: ('FlashIntensity',
terom@54:              {11: 'Weak',
terom@54:               13: 'Normal',
terom@54:               15: 'Strong'}),
terom@54:     0x0006: ('Object Distance', ),
terom@54:     0x0007: ('WhiteBalance',
terom@54:              {1: 'Auto',
terom@54:               2: 'Tungsten',
terom@54:               3: 'Daylight',
terom@54:               4: 'Fluorescent',
terom@54:               5: 'Shade',
terom@54:               129: 'Manual'}),
terom@54:     0x000B: ('Sharpness',
terom@54:              {0: 'Normal',
terom@54:               1: 'Soft',
terom@54:               2: 'Hard'}),
terom@54:     0x000C: ('Contrast',
terom@54:              {0: 'Normal',
terom@54:               1: 'Low',
terom@54:               2: 'High'}),
terom@54:     0x000D: ('Saturation',
terom@54:              {0: 'Normal',
terom@54:               1: 'Low',
terom@54:               2: 'High'}),
terom@54:     0x0014: ('CCDSpeed',
terom@54:              {64: 'Normal',
terom@54:               80: 'Normal',
terom@54:               100: 'High',
terom@54:               125: '+1.0',
terom@54:               244: '+3.0',
terom@54:               250: '+2.0'}),
terom@54:     }
terom@54: 
terom@54: MAKERNOTE_FUJIFILM_TAGS={
terom@54:     0x0000: ('NoteVersion', make_string),
terom@54:     0x1000: ('Quality', ),
terom@54:     0x1001: ('Sharpness',
terom@54:              {1: 'Soft',
terom@54:               2: 'Soft',
terom@54:               3: 'Normal',
terom@54:               4: 'Hard',
terom@54:               5: 'Hard'}),
terom@54:     0x1002: ('WhiteBalance',
terom@54:              {0: 'Auto',
terom@54:               256: 'Daylight',
terom@54:               512: 'Cloudy',
terom@54:               768: 'DaylightColor-Fluorescent',
terom@54:               769: 'DaywhiteColor-Fluorescent',
terom@54:               770: 'White-Fluorescent',
terom@54:               1024: 'Incandescent',
terom@54:               3840: 'Custom'}),
terom@54:     0x1003: ('Color',
terom@54:              {0: 'Normal',
terom@54:               256: 'High',
terom@54:               512: 'Low'}),
terom@54:     0x1004: ('Tone',
terom@54:              {0: 'Normal',
terom@54:               256: 'High',
terom@54:               512: 'Low'}),
terom@54:     0x1010: ('FlashMode',
terom@54:              {0: 'Auto',
terom@54:               1: 'On',
terom@54:               2: 'Off',
terom@54:               3: 'Red Eye Reduction'}),
terom@54:     0x1011: ('FlashStrength', ),
terom@54:     0x1020: ('Macro',
terom@54:              {0: 'Off',
terom@54:               1: 'On'}),
terom@54:     0x1021: ('FocusMode',
terom@54:              {0: 'Auto',
terom@54:               1: 'Manual'}),
terom@54:     0x1030: ('SlowSync',
terom@54:              {0: 'Off',
terom@54:               1: 'On'}),
terom@54:     0x1031: ('PictureMode',
terom@54:              {0: 'Auto',
terom@54:               1: 'Portrait',
terom@54:               2: 'Landscape',
terom@54:               4: 'Sports',
terom@54:               5: 'Night',
terom@54:               6: 'Program AE',
terom@54:               256: 'Aperture Priority AE',
terom@54:               512: 'Shutter Priority AE',
terom@54:               768: 'Manual Exposure'}),
terom@54:     0x1100: ('MotorOrBracket',
terom@54:              {0: 'Off',
terom@54:               1: 'On'}),
terom@54:     0x1300: ('BlurWarning',
terom@54:              {0: 'Off',
terom@54:               1: 'On'}),
terom@54:     0x1301: ('FocusWarning',
terom@54:              {0: 'Off',
terom@54:               1: 'On'}),
terom@54:     0x1302: ('AEWarning',
terom@54:              {0: 'Off',
terom@54:               1: 'On'}),
terom@54:     }
terom@54: 
terom@54: MAKERNOTE_CANON_TAGS = {
terom@54:     0x0006: ('ImageType', ),
terom@54:     0x0007: ('FirmwareVersion', ),
terom@54:     0x0008: ('ImageNumber', ),
terom@54:     0x0009: ('OwnerName', ),
terom@54:     }
terom@54: 
terom@54: # this is in element offset, name, optional value dictionary format
terom@54: MAKERNOTE_CANON_TAG_0x001 = {
terom@54:     1: ('Macromode',
terom@54:         {1: 'Macro',
terom@54:          2: 'Normal'}),
terom@54:     2: ('SelfTimer', ),
terom@54:     3: ('Quality',
terom@54:         {2: 'Normal',
terom@54:          3: 'Fine',
terom@54:          5: 'Superfine'}),
terom@54:     4: ('FlashMode',
terom@54:         {0: 'Flash Not Fired',
terom@54:          1: 'Auto',
terom@54:          2: 'On',
terom@54:          3: 'Red-Eye Reduction',
terom@54:          4: 'Slow Synchro',
terom@54:          5: 'Auto + Red-Eye Reduction',
terom@54:          6: 'On + Red-Eye Reduction',
terom@54:          16: 'external flash'}),
terom@54:     5: ('ContinuousDriveMode',
terom@54:         {0: 'Single Or Timer',
terom@54:          1: 'Continuous'}),
terom@54:     7: ('FocusMode',
terom@54:         {0: 'One-Shot',
terom@54:          1: 'AI Servo',
terom@54:          2: 'AI Focus',
terom@54:          3: 'MF',
terom@54:          4: 'Single',
terom@54:          5: 'Continuous',
terom@54:          6: 'MF'}),
terom@54:     10: ('ImageSize',
terom@54:          {0: 'Large',
terom@54:           1: 'Medium',
terom@54:           2: 'Small'}),
terom@54:     11: ('EasyShootingMode',
terom@54:          {0: 'Full Auto',
terom@54:           1: 'Manual',
terom@54:           2: 'Landscape',
terom@54:           3: 'Fast Shutter',
terom@54:           4: 'Slow Shutter',
terom@54:           5: 'Night',
terom@54:           6: 'B&W',
terom@54:           7: 'Sepia',
terom@54:           8: 'Portrait',
terom@54:           9: 'Sports',
terom@54:           10: 'Macro/Close-Up',
terom@54:           11: 'Pan Focus'}),
terom@54:     12: ('DigitalZoom',
terom@54:          {0: 'None',
terom@54:           1: '2x',
terom@54:           2: '4x'}),
terom@54:     13: ('Contrast',
terom@54:          {0xFFFF: 'Low',
terom@54:           0: 'Normal',
terom@54:           1: 'High'}),
terom@54:     14: ('Saturation',
terom@54:          {0xFFFF: 'Low',
terom@54:           0: 'Normal',
terom@54:           1: 'High'}),
terom@54:     15: ('Sharpness',
terom@54:          {0xFFFF: 'Low',
terom@54:           0: 'Normal',
terom@54:           1: 'High'}),
terom@54:     16: ('ISO',
terom@54:          {0: 'See ISOSpeedRatings Tag',
terom@54:           15: 'Auto',
terom@54:           16: '50',
terom@54:           17: '100',
terom@54:           18: '200',
terom@54:           19: '400'}),
terom@54:     17: ('MeteringMode',
terom@54:          {3: 'Evaluative',
terom@54:           4: 'Partial',
terom@54:           5: 'Center-weighted'}),
terom@54:     18: ('FocusType',
terom@54:          {0: 'Manual',
terom@54:           1: 'Auto',
terom@54:           3: 'Close-Up (Macro)',
terom@54:           8: 'Locked (Pan Mode)'}),
terom@54:     19: ('AFPointSelected',
terom@54:          {0x3000: 'None (MF)',
terom@54:           0x3001: 'Auto-Selected',
terom@54:           0x3002: 'Right',
terom@54:           0x3003: 'Center',
terom@54:           0x3004: 'Left'}),
terom@54:     20: ('ExposureMode',
terom@54:          {0: 'Easy Shooting',
terom@54:           1: 'Program',
terom@54:           2: 'Tv-priority',
terom@54:           3: 'Av-priority',
terom@54:           4: 'Manual',
terom@54:           5: 'A-DEP'}),
terom@54:     23: ('LongFocalLengthOfLensInFocalUnits', ),
terom@54:     24: ('ShortFocalLengthOfLensInFocalUnits', ),
terom@54:     25: ('FocalUnitsPerMM', ),
terom@54:     28: ('FlashActivity',
terom@54:          {0: 'Did Not Fire',
terom@54:           1: 'Fired'}),
terom@54:     29: ('FlashDetails',
terom@54:          {14: 'External E-TTL',
terom@54:           13: 'Internal Flash',
terom@54:           11: 'FP Sync Used',
terom@54:           7: '2nd("Rear")-Curtain Sync Used',
terom@54:           4: 'FP Sync Enabled'}),
terom@54:     32: ('FocusMode',
terom@54:          {0: 'Single',
terom@54:           1: 'Continuous'}),
terom@54:     }
terom@54: 
terom@54: MAKERNOTE_CANON_TAG_0x004 = {
terom@54:     7: ('WhiteBalance',
terom@54:         {0: 'Auto',
terom@54:          1: 'Sunny',
terom@54:          2: 'Cloudy',
terom@54:          3: 'Tungsten',
terom@54:          4: 'Fluorescent',
terom@54:          5: 'Flash',
terom@54:          6: 'Custom'}),
terom@54:     9: ('SequenceNumber', ),
terom@54:     14: ('AFPointUsed', ),
terom@54:     15: ('FlashBias',
terom@54:          {0xFFC0: '-2 EV',
terom@54:           0xFFCC: '-1.67 EV',
terom@54:           0xFFD0: '-1.50 EV',
terom@54:           0xFFD4: '-1.33 EV',
terom@54:           0xFFE0: '-1 EV',
terom@54:           0xFFEC: '-0.67 EV',
terom@54:           0xFFF0: '-0.50 EV',
terom@54:           0xFFF4: '-0.33 EV',
terom@54:           0x0000: '0 EV',
terom@54:           0x000C: '0.33 EV',
terom@54:           0x0010: '0.50 EV',
terom@54:           0x0014: '0.67 EV',
terom@54:           0x0020: '1 EV',
terom@54:           0x002C: '1.33 EV',
terom@54:           0x0030: '1.50 EV',
terom@54:           0x0034: '1.67 EV',
terom@54:           0x0040: '2 EV'}),
terom@54:     19: ('SubjectDistance', ),
terom@54:     }
terom@54: 
terom@54: # extract multibyte integer in Motorola format (little endian)
terom@54: def s2n_motorola(str):
terom@54:     x = 0
terom@54:     for c in str:
terom@54:         x = (x << 8) | ord(c)
terom@54:     return x
terom@54: 
terom@54: # extract multibyte integer in Intel format (big endian)
terom@54: def s2n_intel(str):
terom@54:     x = 0
terom@54:     y = 0L
terom@54:     for c in str:
terom@54:         x = x | (ord(c) << y)
terom@54:         y = y + 8
terom@54:     return x
terom@54: 
terom@54: # ratio object that eventually will be able to reduce itself to lowest
terom@54: # common denominator for printing
terom@54: def gcd(a, b):
terom@54:     if b == 0:
terom@54:         return a
terom@54:     else:
terom@54:         return gcd(b, a % b)
terom@54: 
terom@54: class Ratio:
terom@54:     def __init__(self, num, den):
terom@54:         self.num = num
terom@54:         self.den = den
terom@54: 
terom@54:     def __repr__(self):
terom@54:         self.reduce()
terom@54:         if self.den == 1:
terom@54:             return str(self.num)
terom@54:         return '%d/%d' % (self.num, self.den)
terom@54: 
terom@54:     def reduce(self):
terom@54:         div = gcd(self.num, self.den)
terom@54:         if div > 1:
terom@54:             self.num = self.num / div
terom@54:             self.den = self.den / div
terom@54: 
terom@54: # for ease of dealing with tags
terom@54: class IFD_Tag:
terom@54:     def __init__(self, printable, tag, field_type, values, field_offset,
terom@54:                  field_length):
terom@54:         # printable version of data
terom@54:         self.printable = printable
terom@54:         # tag ID number
terom@54:         self.tag = tag
terom@54:         # field type as index into FIELD_TYPES
terom@54:         self.field_type = field_type
terom@54:         # offset of start of field in bytes from beginning of IFD
terom@54:         self.field_offset = field_offset
terom@54:         # length of data field in bytes
terom@54:         self.field_length = field_length
terom@54:         # either a string or array of data items
terom@54:         self.values = values
terom@54: 
terom@54:     def __str__(self):
terom@54:         return self.printable
terom@54: 
terom@54:     def __repr__(self):
terom@54:         return '(0x%04X) %s=%s @ %d' % (self.tag,
terom@54:                                         FIELD_TYPES[self.field_type][2],
terom@54:                                         self.printable,
terom@54:                                         self.field_offset)
terom@54: 
terom@54: # class that handles an EXIF header
terom@54: class EXIF_header:
terom@54:     def __init__(self, file, endian, offset, fake_exif, strict, debug=0):
terom@54:         self.file = file
terom@98:         self.mmap = mmap.mmap(file.fileno(), 0, access=mmap.ACCESS_READ)
terom@54:         self.endian = endian
terom@54:         self.offset = offset
terom@54:         self.fake_exif = fake_exif
terom@54:         self.strict = strict
terom@54:         self.debug = debug
terom@54:         self.tags = {}
terom@98:     
terom@98:     def pread(self, reloffset, length):
terom@98:         """Read <length> bytes from self.file at relative offset <offset>"""
terom@98:         
terom@98:         offset = self.offset + reloffset
terom@98: 
terom@98:         return self.mmap[offset:offset + length]
terom@54: 
terom@54:     # convert slice to integer, based on sign and endian flags
terom@54:     # usually this offset is assumed to be relative to the beginning of the
terom@54:     # start of the EXIF information.  For some cameras that use relative tags,
terom@54:     # this offset may be relative to some other starting point.
terom@54:     def s2n(self, offset, length, signed=0):
terom@98:         slice=self.pread(offset, length)
terom@54:         if self.endian == 'I':
terom@54:             val=s2n_intel(slice)
terom@54:         else:
terom@54:             val=s2n_motorola(slice)
terom@54:         # Sign extension ?
terom@54:         if signed:
terom@54:             msb=1L << (8*length-1)
terom@54:             if val & msb:
terom@54:                 val=val-(msb << 1)
terom@54:         return val
terom@54: 
terom@54:     # convert offset to string
terom@54:     def n2s(self, offset, length):
terom@54:         s = ''
terom@54:         for dummy in range(length):
terom@54:             if self.endian == 'I':
terom@54:                 s = s + chr(offset & 0xFF)
terom@54:             else:
terom@54:                 s = chr(offset & 0xFF) + s
terom@54:             offset = offset >> 8
terom@54:         return s
terom@54: 
terom@54:     # return first IFD
terom@54:     def first_IFD(self):
terom@54:         return self.s2n(4, 4)
terom@54: 
terom@54:     # return pointer to next IFD
terom@54:     def next_IFD(self, ifd):
terom@54:         entries=self.s2n(ifd, 2)
terom@54:         return self.s2n(ifd+2+12*entries, 4)
terom@54: 
terom@54:     # return list of IFDs in header
terom@54:     def list_IFDs(self):
terom@54:         i=self.first_IFD()
terom@54:         a=[]
terom@54:         while i:
terom@54:             a.append(i)
terom@54:             i=self.next_IFD(i)
terom@54:         return a
terom@54: 
terom@54:     # return list of entries in this IFD
terom@54:     def dump_IFD(self, ifd, ifd_name, dict=EXIF_TAGS, relative=0, stop_tag='UNDEF'):
terom@54:         entries=self.s2n(ifd, 2)
terom@54:         for i in range(entries):
terom@54:             # entry is index of start of this IFD in the file
terom@54:             entry = ifd + 2 + 12 * i
terom@54:             tag = self.s2n(entry, 2)
terom@54: 
terom@54:             # get tag name early to avoid errors, help debug
terom@54:             tag_entry = dict.get(tag)
terom@54:             if tag_entry:
terom@54:                 tag_name = tag_entry[0]
terom@54:             else:
terom@54:                 tag_name = 'Tag 0x%04X' % tag
terom@54: 
terom@54:             # ignore certain tags for faster processing
terom@54:             if not (not detailed and tag in IGNORE_TAGS):
terom@54:                 field_type = self.s2n(entry + 2, 2)
terom@54:                 
terom@54:                 # unknown field type
terom@54:                 if not 0 < field_type < len(FIELD_TYPES):
terom@54:                     if not self.strict:
terom@54:                         continue
terom@54:                     else:
terom@54:                         raise ValueError('unknown type %d in tag 0x%04X' % (field_type, tag))
terom@54: 
terom@54:                 typelen = FIELD_TYPES[field_type][0]
terom@54:                 count = self.s2n(entry + 4, 4)
terom@54:                 # Adjust for tag id/type/count (2+2+4 bytes)
terom@54:                 # Now we point at either the data or the 2nd level offset
terom@54:                 offset = entry + 8
terom@54: 
terom@54:                 # If the value fits in 4 bytes, it is inlined, else we
terom@54:                 # need to jump ahead again.
terom@54:                 if count * typelen > 4:
terom@54:                     # offset is not the value; it's a pointer to the value
terom@54:                     # if relative we set things up so s2n will seek to the right
terom@54:                     # place when it adds self.offset.  Note that this 'relative'
terom@54:                     # is for the Nikon type 3 makernote.  Other cameras may use
terom@54:                     # other relative offsets, which would have to be computed here
terom@54:                     # slightly differently.
terom@54:                     if relative:
terom@54:                         tmp_offset = self.s2n(offset, 4)
terom@54:                         offset = tmp_offset + ifd - 8
terom@54:                         if self.fake_exif:
terom@54:                             offset = offset + 18
terom@54:                     else:
terom@54:                         offset = self.s2n(offset, 4)
terom@54: 
terom@54:                 field_offset = offset
terom@54:                 if field_type == 2:
terom@54:                     # special case: null-terminated ASCII string
terom@54:                     # XXX investigate
terom@54:                     # sometimes gets too big to fit in int value
terom@54:                     if count != 0 and count < (2**31):
terom@98:                         values = self.pread(offset, count)
terom@54:                         #print values
terom@54:                         # Drop any garbage after a null.
terom@54:                         values = values.split('\x00', 1)[0]
terom@54:                     else:
terom@54:                         values = ''
terom@54:                 else:
terom@54:                     values = []
terom@54:                     signed = (field_type in [6, 8, 9, 10])
terom@54:                     
terom@54:                     # XXX investigate
terom@54:                     # some entries get too big to handle could be malformed
terom@54:                     # file or problem with self.s2n
terom@54:                     if count < 1000:
terom@54:                         for dummy in range(count):
terom@54:                             if field_type in (5, 10):
terom@54:                                 # a ratio
terom@54:                                 value = Ratio(self.s2n(offset, 4, signed),
terom@54:                                               self.s2n(offset + 4, 4, signed))
terom@54:                             else:
terom@54:                                 value = self.s2n(offset, typelen, signed)
terom@54:                             values.append(value)
terom@54:                             offset = offset + typelen
terom@54:                     # The test above causes problems with tags that are 
terom@54:                     # supposed to have long values!  Fix up one important case.
terom@54:                     elif tag_name == 'MakerNote' :
terom@54:                         for dummy in range(count):
terom@54:                             value = self.s2n(offset, typelen, signed)
terom@54:                             values.append(value)
terom@54:                             offset = offset + typelen
terom@54:                     #else :
terom@54:                     #    print "Warning: dropping large tag:", tag, tag_name
terom@54:                 
terom@54:                 # now 'values' is either a string or an array
terom@54:                 if count == 1 and field_type != 2:
terom@54:                     printable=str(values[0])
terom@54:                 elif count > 50 and len(values) > 20 :
terom@54:                     printable=str( values[0:20] )[0:-1] + ", ... ]"
terom@54:                 else:
terom@54:                     printable=str(values)
terom@54: 
terom@54:                 # compute printable version of values
terom@54:                 if tag_entry:
terom@54:                     if len(tag_entry) != 1:
terom@54:                         # optional 2nd tag element is present
terom@54:                         if callable(tag_entry[1]):
terom@54:                             # call mapping function
terom@54:                             printable = tag_entry[1](values)
terom@54:                         else:
terom@54:                             printable = ''
terom@54:                             for i in values:
terom@54:                                 # use lookup table for this tag
terom@54:                                 printable += tag_entry[1].get(i, repr(i))
terom@54: 
terom@54:                 self.tags[ifd_name + ' ' + tag_name] = IFD_Tag(printable, tag,
terom@54:                                                           field_type,
terom@54:                                                           values, field_offset,
terom@54:                                                           count * typelen)
terom@54:                 if self.debug:
terom@54:                     print ' debug:   %s: %s' % (tag_name,
terom@54:                                                 repr(self.tags[ifd_name + ' ' + tag_name]))
terom@54: 
terom@54:             if tag_name == stop_tag:
terom@54:                 break
terom@54: 
terom@54:     # extract uncompressed TIFF thumbnail (like pulling teeth)
terom@54:     # we take advantage of the pre-existing layout in the thumbnail IFD as
terom@54:     # much as possible
terom@54:     def extract_TIFF_thumbnail(self, thumb_ifd):
terom@54:         entries = self.s2n(thumb_ifd, 2)
terom@54:         # this is header plus offset to IFD ...
terom@54:         if self.endian == 'M':
terom@54:             tiff = 'MM\x00*\x00\x00\x00\x08'
terom@54:         else:
terom@54:             tiff = 'II*\x00\x08\x00\x00\x00'
terom@54:         # ... plus thumbnail IFD data plus a null "next IFD" pointer
terom@98:         tiff += self.pread(thumb_ifd, entries*12+2)+'\x00\x00\x00\x00'
terom@54: 
terom@54:         # fix up large value offset pointers into data area
terom@54:         for i in range(entries):
terom@54:             entry = thumb_ifd + 2 + 12 * i
terom@54:             tag = self.s2n(entry, 2)
terom@54:             field_type = self.s2n(entry+2, 2)
terom@54:             typelen = FIELD_TYPES[field_type][0]
terom@54:             count = self.s2n(entry+4, 4)
terom@54:             oldoff = self.s2n(entry+8, 4)
terom@54:             # start of the 4-byte pointer area in entry
terom@54:             ptr = i * 12 + 18
terom@54:             # remember strip offsets location
terom@54:             if tag == 0x0111:
terom@54:                 strip_off = ptr
terom@54:                 strip_len = count * typelen
terom@54:             # is it in the data area?
terom@54:             if count * typelen > 4:
terom@54:                 # update offset pointer (nasty "strings are immutable" crap)
terom@54:                 # should be able to say "tiff[ptr:ptr+4]=newoff"
terom@54:                 newoff = len(tiff)
terom@54:                 tiff = tiff[:ptr] + self.n2s(newoff, 4) + tiff[ptr+4:]
terom@54:                 # remember strip offsets location
terom@54:                 if tag == 0x0111:
terom@54:                     strip_off = newoff
terom@54:                     strip_len = 4
terom@54:                 # get original data and store it
terom@98:                 tiff += self.pread(oldoff, count * typelen)
terom@54: 
terom@54:         # add pixel strips and update strip offset info
terom@54:         old_offsets = self.tags['Thumbnail StripOffsets'].values
terom@54:         old_counts = self.tags['Thumbnail StripByteCounts'].values
terom@54:         for i in range(len(old_offsets)):
terom@54:             # update offset pointer (more nasty "strings are immutable" crap)
terom@54:             offset = self.n2s(len(tiff), strip_len)
terom@54:             tiff = tiff[:strip_off] + offset + tiff[strip_off + strip_len:]
terom@54:             strip_off += strip_len
terom@54:             # add pixel strip to end
terom@98:             tiff += self.pread(old_offsets[i], old_counts[i])
terom@54: 
terom@54:         self.tags['TIFFThumbnail'] = tiff
terom@54: 
terom@54:     # decode all the camera-specific MakerNote formats
terom@54: 
terom@54:     # Note is the data that comprises this MakerNote.  The MakerNote will
terom@54:     # likely have pointers in it that point to other parts of the file.  We'll
terom@54:     # use self.offset as the starting point for most of those pointers, since
terom@54:     # they are relative to the beginning of the file.
terom@54:     #
terom@54:     # If the MakerNote is in a newer format, it may use relative addressing
terom@54:     # within the MakerNote.  In that case we'll use relative addresses for the
terom@54:     # pointers.
terom@54:     #
terom@54:     # As an aside: it's not just to be annoying that the manufacturers use
terom@54:     # relative offsets.  It's so that if the makernote has to be moved by the
terom@54:     # picture software all of the offsets don't have to be adjusted.  Overall,
terom@54:     # this is probably the right strategy for makernotes, though the spec is
terom@54:     # ambiguous.  (The spec does not appear to imagine that makernotes would
terom@54:     # follow EXIF format internally.  Once they did, it's ambiguous whether
terom@54:     # the offsets should be from the header at the start of all the EXIF info,
terom@54:     # or from the header at the start of the makernote.)
terom@54:     def decode_maker_note(self):
terom@54:         note = self.tags['EXIF MakerNote']
terom@54:         
terom@54:         # Some apps use MakerNote tags but do not use a format for which we
terom@54:         # have a description, so just do a raw dump for these.
terom@54:         #if self.tags.has_key('Image Make'):
terom@54:         make = self.tags['Image Make'].printable
terom@54:         #else:
terom@54:         #    make = ''
terom@54: 
terom@54:         # model = self.tags['Image Model'].printable # unused
terom@54: 
terom@54:         # Nikon
terom@54:         # The maker note usually starts with the word Nikon, followed by the
terom@54:         # type of the makernote (1 or 2, as a short).  If the word Nikon is
terom@54:         # not at the start of the makernote, it's probably type 2, since some
terom@54:         # cameras work that way.
terom@54:         if 'NIKON' in make:
terom@54:             if note.values[0:7] == [78, 105, 107, 111, 110, 0, 1]:
terom@54:                 if self.debug:
terom@54:                     print "Looks like a type 1 Nikon MakerNote."
terom@54:                 self.dump_IFD(note.field_offset+8, 'MakerNote',
terom@54:                               dict=MAKERNOTE_NIKON_OLDER_TAGS)
terom@54:             elif note.values[0:7] == [78, 105, 107, 111, 110, 0, 2]:
terom@54:                 if self.debug:
terom@54:                     print "Looks like a labeled type 2 Nikon MakerNote"
terom@54:                 if note.values[12:14] != [0, 42] and note.values[12:14] != [42L, 0L]:
terom@54:                     raise ValueError("Missing marker tag '42' in MakerNote.")
terom@54:                 # skip the Makernote label and the TIFF header
terom@54:                 self.dump_IFD(note.field_offset+10+8, 'MakerNote',
terom@54:                               dict=MAKERNOTE_NIKON_NEWER_TAGS, relative=1)
terom@54:             else:
terom@54:                 # E99x or D1
terom@54:                 if self.debug:
terom@54:                     print "Looks like an unlabeled type 2 Nikon MakerNote"
terom@54:                 self.dump_IFD(note.field_offset, 'MakerNote',
terom@54:                               dict=MAKERNOTE_NIKON_NEWER_TAGS)
terom@54:             return
terom@54: 
terom@54:         # Olympus
terom@54:         if make.startswith('OLYMPUS'):
terom@54:             self.dump_IFD(note.field_offset+8, 'MakerNote',
terom@54:                           dict=MAKERNOTE_OLYMPUS_TAGS)
terom@54:             # XXX TODO
terom@54:             #for i in (('MakerNote Tag 0x2020', MAKERNOTE_OLYMPUS_TAG_0x2020),):
terom@54:             #    self.decode_olympus_tag(self.tags[i[0]].values, i[1])
terom@54:             #return
terom@54: 
terom@54:         # Casio
terom@54:         if 'CASIO' in make or 'Casio' in make:
terom@54:             self.dump_IFD(note.field_offset, 'MakerNote',
terom@54:                           dict=MAKERNOTE_CASIO_TAGS)
terom@54:             return
terom@54: 
terom@54:         # Fujifilm
terom@54:         if make == 'FUJIFILM':
terom@54:             # bug: everything else is "Motorola" endian, but the MakerNote
terom@54:             # is "Intel" endian
terom@54:             endian = self.endian
terom@54:             self.endian = 'I'
terom@54:             # bug: IFD offsets are from beginning of MakerNote, not
terom@54:             # beginning of file header
terom@54:             offset = self.offset
terom@54:             self.offset += note.field_offset
terom@54:             # process note with bogus values (note is actually at offset 12)
terom@54:             self.dump_IFD(12, 'MakerNote', dict=MAKERNOTE_FUJIFILM_TAGS)
terom@54:             # reset to correct values
terom@54:             self.endian = endian
terom@54:             self.offset = offset
terom@54:             return
terom@54: 
terom@54:         # Canon
terom@54:         if make == 'Canon':
terom@54:             self.dump_IFD(note.field_offset, 'MakerNote',
terom@54:                           dict=MAKERNOTE_CANON_TAGS)
terom@54:             for i in (('MakerNote Tag 0x0001', MAKERNOTE_CANON_TAG_0x001),
terom@54:                       ('MakerNote Tag 0x0004', MAKERNOTE_CANON_TAG_0x004)):
terom@54:                 self.canon_decode_tag(self.tags[i[0]].values, i[1])
terom@54:             return
terom@54: 
terom@54: 
terom@54:     # XXX TODO decode Olympus MakerNote tag based on offset within tag
terom@54:     def olympus_decode_tag(self, value, dict):
terom@54:         pass
terom@54: 
terom@54:     # decode Canon MakerNote tag based on offset within tag
terom@54:     # see http://www.burren.cx/david/canon.html by David Burren
terom@54:     def canon_decode_tag(self, value, dict):
terom@54:         for i in range(1, len(value)):
terom@54:             x=dict.get(i, ('Unknown', ))
terom@54:             if self.debug:
terom@54:                 print i, x
terom@54:             name=x[0]
terom@54:             if len(x) > 1:
terom@54:                 val=x[1].get(value[i], 'Unknown')
terom@54:             else:
terom@54:                 val=value[i]
terom@54:             # it's not a real IFD Tag but we fake one to make everybody
terom@54:             # happy. this will have a "proprietary" type
terom@54:             self.tags['MakerNote '+name]=IFD_Tag(str(val), None, 0, None,
terom@54:                                                  None, None)
terom@54: 
terom@54: # process an image file (expects an open file object)
terom@54: # this is the function that has to deal with all the arbitrary nasty bits
terom@54: # of the EXIF standard
terom@54: def process_file(f, stop_tag='UNDEF', details=True, strict=False, debug=False):
terom@54:     # yah it's cheesy...
terom@54:     global detailed
terom@54:     detailed = details
terom@54: 
terom@54:     # by default do not fake an EXIF beginning
terom@54:     fake_exif = 0
terom@54: 
terom@54:     # determine whether it's a JPEG or TIFF
terom@54:     data = f.read(12)
terom@54:     if data[0:4] in ['II*\x00', 'MM\x00*']:
terom@54:         # it's a TIFF file
terom@54:         f.seek(0)
terom@54:         endian = f.read(1)
terom@54:         f.read(1)
terom@54:         offset = 0
terom@54:     elif data[0:2] == '\xFF\xD8':
terom@54:         # it's a JPEG file
terom@54:         while data[2] == '\xFF' and data[6:10] in ('JFIF', 'JFXX', 'OLYM', 'Phot'):
terom@54:             length = ord(data[4])*256+ord(data[5])
terom@54:             f.read(length-8)
terom@54:             # fake an EXIF beginning of file
terom@54:             data = '\xFF\x00'+f.read(10)
terom@54:             fake_exif = 1
terom@54:         if data[2] == '\xFF' and data[6:10] == 'Exif':
terom@54:             # detected EXIF header
terom@54:             offset = f.tell()
terom@54:             endian = f.read(1)
terom@54:         else:
terom@54:             # no EXIF information
terom@54:             return {}
terom@54:     else:
terom@54:         # file format not recognized
terom@54:         return {}
terom@54: 
terom@54:     # deal with the EXIF info we found
terom@54:     if debug:
terom@54:         print {'I': 'Intel', 'M': 'Motorola'}[endian], 'format'
terom@54:     hdr = EXIF_header(f, endian, offset, fake_exif, strict, debug)
terom@54:     ifd_list = hdr.list_IFDs()
terom@54:     ctr = 0
terom@54:     for i in ifd_list:
terom@54:         if ctr == 0:
terom@54:             IFD_name = 'Image'
terom@54:         elif ctr == 1:
terom@54:             IFD_name = 'Thumbnail'
terom@54:             thumb_ifd = i
terom@54:         else:
terom@54:             IFD_name = 'IFD %d' % ctr
terom@54:         if debug:
terom@54:             print ' IFD %d (%s) at offset %d:' % (ctr, IFD_name, i)
terom@54:         hdr.dump_IFD(i, IFD_name, stop_tag=stop_tag)
terom@54:         # EXIF IFD
terom@54:         exif_off = hdr.tags.get(IFD_name+' ExifOffset')
terom@54:         if exif_off:
terom@54:             if debug:
terom@54:                 print ' EXIF SubIFD at offset %d:' % exif_off.values[0]
terom@54:             hdr.dump_IFD(exif_off.values[0], 'EXIF', stop_tag=stop_tag)
terom@54:             # Interoperability IFD contained in EXIF IFD
terom@54:             intr_off = hdr.tags.get('EXIF SubIFD InteroperabilityOffset')
terom@54:             if intr_off:
terom@54:                 if debug:
terom@54:                     print ' EXIF Interoperability SubSubIFD at offset %d:' \
terom@54:                           % intr_off.values[0]
terom@54:                 hdr.dump_IFD(intr_off.values[0], 'EXIF Interoperability',
terom@54:                              dict=INTR_TAGS, stop_tag=stop_tag)
terom@54:         # GPS IFD
terom@54:         gps_off = hdr.tags.get(IFD_name+' GPSInfo')
terom@54:         if gps_off:
terom@54:             if debug:
terom@54:                 print ' GPS SubIFD at offset %d:' % gps_off.values[0]
terom@54:             hdr.dump_IFD(gps_off.values[0], 'GPS', dict=GPS_TAGS, stop_tag=stop_tag)
terom@54:         ctr += 1
terom@54: 
terom@54:     # extract uncompressed TIFF thumbnail
terom@54:     thumb = hdr.tags.get('Thumbnail Compression')
terom@54:     if thumb and thumb.printable == 'Uncompressed TIFF':
terom@54:         hdr.extract_TIFF_thumbnail(thumb_ifd)
terom@54: 
terom@54:     # JPEG thumbnail (thankfully the JPEG data is stored as a unit)
terom@54:     thumb_off = hdr.tags.get('Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormat')
terom@54:     if thumb_off:
terom@54:         f.seek(offset+thumb_off.values[0])
terom@54:         size = hdr.tags['Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormatLength'].values[0]
terom@54:         hdr.tags['JPEGThumbnail'] = f.read(size)
terom@54: 
terom@54:     # deal with MakerNote contained in EXIF IFD
terom@54:     # (Some apps use MakerNote tags but do not use a format for which we
terom@54:     # have a description, do not process these).
terom@54:     if 'EXIF MakerNote' in hdr.tags and 'Image Make' in hdr.tags and detailed:
terom@54:         hdr.decode_maker_note()
terom@54: 
terom@54:     # Sometimes in a TIFF file, a JPEG thumbnail is hidden in the MakerNote
terom@54:     # since it's not allowed in a uncompressed TIFF IFD
terom@54:     if 'JPEGThumbnail' not in hdr.tags:
terom@54:         thumb_off=hdr.tags.get('MakerNote JPEGThumbnail')
terom@54:         if thumb_off:
terom@54:             f.seek(offset+thumb_off.values[0])
terom@54:             hdr.tags['JPEGThumbnail']=file.read(thumb_off.field_length)
terom@54: 
terom@54:     return hdr.tags
terom@54: 
terom@54: 
terom@54: # show command line usage
terom@54: def usage(exit_status):
terom@54:     msg = 'Usage: EXIF.py [OPTIONS] file1 [file2 ...]\n'
terom@54:     msg += 'Extract EXIF information from digital camera image files.\n\nOptions:\n'
terom@54:     msg += '-q --quick   Do not process MakerNotes.\n'
terom@54:     msg += '-t TAG --stop-tag TAG   Stop processing when this tag is retrieved.\n'
terom@54:     msg += '-s --strict   Run in strict mode (stop on errors).\n'
terom@54:     msg += '-d --debug   Run in debug mode (display extra info).\n'
terom@54:     print msg
terom@54:     sys.exit(exit_status)
terom@54: 
terom@54: # library test/debug function (dump given files)
terom@54: if __name__ == '__main__':
terom@54:     import sys
terom@54:     import getopt
terom@54: 
terom@54:     # parse command line options/arguments
terom@54:     try:
terom@54:         opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], "hqsdt:v", ["help", "quick", "strict", "debug", "stop-tag="])
terom@54:     except getopt.GetoptError:
terom@54:         usage(2)
terom@54:     if args == []:
terom@54:         usage(2)
terom@54:     detailed = True
terom@54:     stop_tag = 'UNDEF'
terom@54:     debug = False
terom@54:     strict = False
terom@54:     for o, a in opts:
terom@54:         if o in ("-h", "--help"):
terom@54:             usage(0)
terom@54:         if o in ("-q", "--quick"):
terom@54:             detailed = False
terom@54:         if o in ("-t", "--stop-tag"):
terom@54:             stop_tag = a
terom@54:         if o in ("-s", "--strict"):
terom@54:             strict = True
terom@54:         if o in ("-d", "--debug"):
terom@54:             debug = True
terom@54: 
terom@54:     # output info for each file
terom@54:     for filename in args:
terom@54:         try:
terom@54:             file=open(filename, 'rb')
terom@54:         except:
terom@54:             print "'%s' is unreadable\n"%filename
terom@54:             continue
terom@54:         print filename + ':'
terom@54:         # get the tags
terom@54:         data = process_file(file, stop_tag=stop_tag, details=detailed, strict=strict, debug=debug)
terom@54:         if not data:
terom@54:             print 'No EXIF information found'
terom@54:             continue
terom@54: 
terom@54:         x=data.keys()
terom@54:         x.sort()
terom@54:         for i in x:
terom@54:             if i in ('JPEGThumbnail', 'TIFFThumbnail'):
terom@54:                 continue
terom@54:             try:
terom@54:                 print '   %s (%s): %s' % \
terom@54:                       (i, FIELD_TYPES[data[i].field_type][2], data[i].printable)
terom@54:             except:
terom@54:                 print 'error', i, '"', data[i], '"'
terom@54:         if 'JPEGThumbnail' in data:
terom@54:             print 'File has JPEG thumbnail'
terom@54:         print
terom@54: