--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/degal/lib/EXIF.py Fri Jun 05 19:27:09 2009 +0300
@@ -0,0 +1,1767 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Library to extract EXIF information from digital camera image files
+# http://sourceforge.net/projects/exif-py/
+#
+# VERSION 1.1.0
+#
+# To use this library call with:
+# f = open(path_name, 'rb')
+# tags = EXIF.process_file(f)
+#
+# To ignore MakerNote tags, pass the -q or --quick
+# command line arguments, or as
+# tags = EXIF.process_file(f, details=False)
+#
+# To stop processing after a certain tag is retrieved,
+# pass the -t TAG or --stop-tag TAG argument, or as
+# tags = EXIF.process_file(f, stop_tag='TAG')
+#
+# where TAG is a valid tag name, ex 'DateTimeOriginal'
+#
+# These 2 are useful when you are retrieving a large list of images
+#
+#
+# To return an error on invalid tags,
+# pass the -s or --strict argument, or as
+# tags = EXIF.process_file(f, strict=True)
+#
+# Otherwise these tags will be ignored
+#
+# Returned tags will be a dictionary mapping names of EXIF tags to their
+# values in the file named by path_name. You can process the tags
+# as you wish. In particular, you can iterate through all the tags with:
+# for tag in tags.keys():
+# if tag not in ('JPEGThumbnail', 'TIFFThumbnail', 'Filename',
+# 'EXIF MakerNote'):
+# print "Key: %s, value %s" % (tag, tags[tag])
+# (This code uses the if statement to avoid printing out a few of the
+# tags that tend to be long or boring.)
+#
+# The tags dictionary will include keys for all of the usual EXIF
+# tags, and will also include keys for Makernotes used by some
+# cameras, for which we have a good specification.
+#
+# Note that the dictionary keys are the IFD name followed by the
+# tag name. For example:
+# 'EXIF DateTimeOriginal', 'Image Orientation', 'MakerNote FocusMode'
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2002-2007 Gene Cash All rights reserved
+# Copyright (c) 2007-2008 Ianaré Sévi All rights reserved
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+# are met:
+#
+# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#
+# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
+# disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
+# with the distribution.
+#
+# 3. Neither the name of the authors nor the names of its contributors
+# may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
+# software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#
+#
+# ----- See 'changes.txt' file for all contributors and changes ----- #
+#
+
+
+# Don't throw an exception when given an out of range character.
+def make_string(seq):
+ str = ''
+ for c in seq:
+ # Screen out non-printing characters
+ if 32 <= c and c < 256:
+ str += chr(c)
+ # If no printing chars
+ if not str:
+ return seq
+ return str
+
+# Special version to deal with the code in the first 8 bytes of a user comment.
+# First 8 bytes gives coding system e.g. ASCII vs. JIS vs Unicode
+def make_string_uc(seq):
+ code = seq[0:8]
+ seq = seq[8:]
+ # Of course, this is only correct if ASCII, and the standard explicitly
+ # allows JIS and Unicode.
+ return make_string(seq)
+
+# field type descriptions as (length, abbreviation, full name) tuples
+FIELD_TYPES = (
+ (0, 'X', 'Proprietary'), # no such type
+ (1, 'B', 'Byte'),
+ (1, 'A', 'ASCII'),
+ (2, 'S', 'Short'),
+ (4, 'L', 'Long'),
+ (8, 'R', 'Ratio'),
+ (1, 'SB', 'Signed Byte'),
+ (1, 'U', 'Undefined'),
+ (2, 'SS', 'Signed Short'),
+ (4, 'SL', 'Signed Long'),
+ (8, 'SR', 'Signed Ratio'),
+ )
+
+# dictionary of main EXIF tag names
+# first element of tuple is tag name, optional second element is
+# another dictionary giving names to values
+EXIF_TAGS = {
+ 0x0100: ('ImageWidth', ),
+ 0x0101: ('ImageLength', ),
+ 0x0102: ('BitsPerSample', ),
+ 0x0103: ('Compression',
+ {1: 'Uncompressed',
+ 2: 'CCITT 1D',
+ 3: 'T4/Group 3 Fax',
+ 4: 'T6/Group 4 Fax',
+ 5: 'LZW',
+ 6: 'JPEG (old-style)',
+ 7: 'JPEG',
+ 8: 'Adobe Deflate',
+ 9: 'JBIG B&W',
+ 10: 'JBIG Color',
+ 32766: 'Next',
+ 32769: 'Epson ERF Compressed',
+ 32771: 'CCIRLEW',
+ 32773: 'PackBits',
+ 32809: 'Thunderscan',
+ 32895: 'IT8CTPAD',
+ 32896: 'IT8LW',
+ 32897: 'IT8MP',
+ 32898: 'IT8BL',
+ 32908: 'PixarFilm',
+ 32909: 'PixarLog',
+ 32946: 'Deflate',
+ 32947: 'DCS',
+ 34661: 'JBIG',
+ 34676: 'SGILog',
+ 34677: 'SGILog24',
+ 34712: 'JPEG 2000',
+ 34713: 'Nikon NEF Compressed',
+ 65000: 'Kodak DCR Compressed',
+ 65535: 'Pentax PEF Compressed'}),
+ 0x0106: ('PhotometricInterpretation', ),
+ 0x0107: ('Thresholding', ),
+ 0x010A: ('FillOrder', ),
+ 0x010D: ('DocumentName', ),
+ 0x010E: ('ImageDescription', ),
+ 0x010F: ('Make', ),
+ 0x0110: ('Model', ),
+ 0x0111: ('StripOffsets', ),
+ 0x0112: ('Orientation',
+ {1: 'Horizontal (normal)',
+ 2: 'Mirrored horizontal',
+ 3: 'Rotated 180',
+ 4: 'Mirrored vertical',
+ 5: 'Mirrored horizontal then rotated 90 CCW',
+ 6: 'Rotated 90 CW',
+ 7: 'Mirrored horizontal then rotated 90 CW',
+ 8: 'Rotated 90 CCW'}),
+ 0x0115: ('SamplesPerPixel', ),
+ 0x0116: ('RowsPerStrip', ),
+ 0x0117: ('StripByteCounts', ),
+ 0x011A: ('XResolution', ),
+ 0x011B: ('YResolution', ),
+ 0x011C: ('PlanarConfiguration', ),
+ 0x011D: ('PageName', make_string),
+ 0x0128: ('ResolutionUnit',
+ {1: 'Not Absolute',
+ 2: 'Pixels/Inch',
+ 3: 'Pixels/Centimeter'}),
+ 0x012D: ('TransferFunction', ),
+ 0x0131: ('Software', ),
+ 0x0132: ('DateTime', ),
+ 0x013B: ('Artist', ),
+ 0x013E: ('WhitePoint', ),
+ 0x013F: ('PrimaryChromaticities', ),
+ 0x0156: ('TransferRange', ),
+ 0x0200: ('JPEGProc', ),
+ 0x0201: ('JPEGInterchangeFormat', ),
+ 0x0202: ('JPEGInterchangeFormatLength', ),
+ 0x0211: ('YCbCrCoefficients', ),
+ 0x0212: ('YCbCrSubSampling', ),
+ 0x0213: ('YCbCrPositioning',
+ {1: 'Centered',
+ 2: 'Co-sited'}),
+ 0x0214: ('ReferenceBlackWhite', ),
+
+ 0x4746: ('Rating', ),
+
+ 0x828D: ('CFARepeatPatternDim', ),
+ 0x828E: ('CFAPattern', ),
+ 0x828F: ('BatteryLevel', ),
+ 0x8298: ('Copyright', ),
+ 0x829A: ('ExposureTime', ),
+ 0x829D: ('FNumber', ),
+ 0x83BB: ('IPTC/NAA', ),
+ 0x8769: ('ExifOffset', ),
+ 0x8773: ('InterColorProfile', ),
+ 0x8822: ('ExposureProgram',
+ {0: 'Unidentified',
+ 1: 'Manual',
+ 2: 'Program Normal',
+ 3: 'Aperture Priority',
+ 4: 'Shutter Priority',
+ 5: 'Program Creative',
+ 6: 'Program Action',
+ 7: 'Portrait Mode',
+ 8: 'Landscape Mode'}),
+ 0x8824: ('SpectralSensitivity', ),
+ 0x8825: ('GPSInfo', ),
+ 0x8827: ('ISOSpeedRatings', ),
+ 0x8828: ('OECF', ),
+ 0x9000: ('ExifVersion', make_string),
+ 0x9003: ('DateTimeOriginal', ),
+ 0x9004: ('DateTimeDigitized', ),
+ 0x9101: ('ComponentsConfiguration',
+ {0: '',
+ 1: 'Y',
+ 2: 'Cb',
+ 3: 'Cr',
+ 4: 'Red',
+ 5: 'Green',
+ 6: 'Blue'}),
+ 0x9102: ('CompressedBitsPerPixel', ),
+ 0x9201: ('ShutterSpeedValue', ),
+ 0x9202: ('ApertureValue', ),
+ 0x9203: ('BrightnessValue', ),
+ 0x9204: ('ExposureBiasValue', ),
+ 0x9205: ('MaxApertureValue', ),
+ 0x9206: ('SubjectDistance', ),
+ 0x9207: ('MeteringMode',
+ {0: 'Unidentified',
+ 1: 'Average',
+ 2: 'CenterWeightedAverage',
+ 3: 'Spot',
+ 4: 'MultiSpot',
+ 5: 'Pattern'}),
+ 0x9208: ('LightSource',
+ {0: 'Unknown',
+ 1: 'Daylight',
+ 2: 'Fluorescent',
+ 3: 'Tungsten',
+ 9: 'Fine Weather',
+ 10: 'Flash',
+ 11: 'Shade',
+ 12: 'Daylight Fluorescent',
+ 13: 'Day White Fluorescent',
+ 14: 'Cool White Fluorescent',
+ 15: 'White Fluorescent',
+ 17: 'Standard Light A',
+ 18: 'Standard Light B',
+ 19: 'Standard Light C',
+ 20: 'D55',
+ 21: 'D65',
+ 22: 'D75',
+ 255: 'Other'}),
+ 0x9209: ('Flash',
+ {0: 'No',
+ 1: 'Fired',
+ 5: 'Fired (?)', # no return sensed
+ 7: 'Fired (!)', # return sensed
+ 9: 'Fill Fired',
+ 13: 'Fill Fired (?)',
+ 15: 'Fill Fired (!)',
+ 16: 'Off',
+ 24: 'Auto Off',
+ 25: 'Auto Fired',
+ 29: 'Auto Fired (?)',
+ 31: 'Auto Fired (!)',
+ 32: 'Not Available'}),
+ 0x920A: ('FocalLength', ),
+ 0x9214: ('SubjectArea', ),
+ 0x927C: ('MakerNote', ),
+ 0x9286: ('UserComment', make_string_uc),
+ 0x9290: ('SubSecTime', ),
+ 0x9291: ('SubSecTimeOriginal', ),
+ 0x9292: ('SubSecTimeDigitized', ),
+
+ # used by Windows Explorer
+ 0x9C9B: ('XPTitle', ),
+ 0x9C9C: ('XPComment', ),
+ 0x9C9D: ('XPAuthor', ), #(ignored by Windows Explorer if Artist exists)
+ 0x9C9E: ('XPKeywords', ),
+ 0x9C9F: ('XPSubject', ),
+
+ 0xA000: ('FlashPixVersion', make_string),
+ 0xA001: ('ColorSpace',
+ {1: 'sRGB',
+ 2: 'Adobe RGB',
+ 65535: 'Uncalibrated'}),
+ 0xA002: ('ExifImageWidth', ),
+ 0xA003: ('ExifImageLength', ),
+ 0xA005: ('InteroperabilityOffset', ),
+ 0xA20B: ('FlashEnergy', ), # 0x920B in TIFF/EP
+ 0xA20C: ('SpatialFrequencyResponse', ), # 0x920C
+ 0xA20E: ('FocalPlaneXResolution', ), # 0x920E
+ 0xA20F: ('FocalPlaneYResolution', ), # 0x920F
+ 0xA210: ('FocalPlaneResolutionUnit', ), # 0x9210
+ 0xA214: ('SubjectLocation', ), # 0x9214
+ 0xA215: ('ExposureIndex', ), # 0x9215
+ 0xA217: ('SensingMethod', # 0x9217
+ {1: 'Not defined',
+ 2: 'One-chip color area',
+ 3: 'Two-chip color area',
+ 4: 'Three-chip color area',
+ 5: 'Color sequential area',
+ 7: 'Trilinear',
+ 8: 'Color sequential linear'}),
+ 0xA300: ('FileSource',
+ {1: 'Film Scanner',
+ 2: 'Reflection Print Scanner',
+ 3: 'Digital Camera'}),
+ 0xA301: ('SceneType',
+ {1: 'Directly Photographed'}),
+ 0xA302: ('CVAPattern', ),
+ 0xA401: ('CustomRendered',
+ {0: 'Normal',
+ 1: 'Custom'}),
+ 0xA402: ('ExposureMode',
+ {0: 'Auto Exposure',
+ 1: 'Manual Exposure',
+ 2: 'Auto Bracket'}),
+ 0xA403: ('WhiteBalance',
+ {0: 'Auto',
+ 1: 'Manual'}),
+ 0xA404: ('DigitalZoomRatio', ),
+ 0xA405: ('FocalLengthIn35mmFilm', ),
+ 0xA406: ('SceneCaptureType',
+ {0: 'Standard',
+ 1: 'Landscape',
+ 2: 'Portrait',
+ 3: 'Night)'}),
+ 0xA407: ('GainControl',
+ {0: 'None',
+ 1: 'Low gain up',
+ 2: 'High gain up',
+ 3: 'Low gain down',
+ 4: 'High gain down'}),
+ 0xA408: ('Contrast',
+ {0: 'Normal',
+ 1: 'Soft',
+ 2: 'Hard'}),
+ 0xA409: ('Saturation',
+ {0: 'Normal',
+ 1: 'Soft',
+ 2: 'Hard'}),
+ 0xA40A: ('Sharpness',
+ {0: 'Normal',
+ 1: 'Soft',
+ 2: 'Hard'}),
+ 0xA40B: ('DeviceSettingDescription', ),
+ 0xA40C: ('SubjectDistanceRange', ),
+ 0xA500: ('Gamma', ),
+ 0xC4A5: ('PrintIM', ),
+ 0xEA1C: ('Padding', ),
+ }
+
+# interoperability tags
+INTR_TAGS = {
+ 0x0001: ('InteroperabilityIndex', ),
+ 0x0002: ('InteroperabilityVersion', ),
+ 0x1000: ('RelatedImageFileFormat', ),
+ 0x1001: ('RelatedImageWidth', ),
+ 0x1002: ('RelatedImageLength', ),
+ }
+
+# GPS tags (not used yet, haven't seen camera with GPS)
+GPS_TAGS = {
+ 0x0000: ('GPSVersionID', ),
+ 0x0001: ('GPSLatitudeRef', ),
+ 0x0002: ('GPSLatitude', ),
+ 0x0003: ('GPSLongitudeRef', ),
+ 0x0004: ('GPSLongitude', ),
+ 0x0005: ('GPSAltitudeRef', ),
+ 0x0006: ('GPSAltitude', ),
+ 0x0007: ('GPSTimeStamp', ),
+ 0x0008: ('GPSSatellites', ),
+ 0x0009: ('GPSStatus', ),
+ 0x000A: ('GPSMeasureMode', ),
+ 0x000B: ('GPSDOP', ),
+ 0x000C: ('GPSSpeedRef', ),
+ 0x000D: ('GPSSpeed', ),
+ 0x000E: ('GPSTrackRef', ),
+ 0x000F: ('GPSTrack', ),
+ 0x0010: ('GPSImgDirectionRef', ),
+ 0x0011: ('GPSImgDirection', ),
+ 0x0012: ('GPSMapDatum', ),
+ 0x0013: ('GPSDestLatitudeRef', ),
+ 0x0014: ('GPSDestLatitude', ),
+ 0x0015: ('GPSDestLongitudeRef', ),
+ 0x0016: ('GPSDestLongitude', ),
+ 0x0017: ('GPSDestBearingRef', ),
+ 0x0018: ('GPSDestBearing', ),
+ 0x0019: ('GPSDestDistanceRef', ),
+ 0x001A: ('GPSDestDistance', ),
+ 0x001D: ('GPSDate', ),
+ }
+
+# Ignore these tags when quick processing
+# 0x927C is MakerNote Tags
+# 0x9286 is user comment
+IGNORE_TAGS=(0x9286, 0x927C)
+
+# http://tomtia.plala.jp/DigitalCamera/MakerNote/index.asp
+def nikon_ev_bias(seq):
+ # First digit seems to be in steps of 1/6 EV.
+ # Does the third value mean the step size? It is usually 6,
+ # but it is 12 for the ExposureDifference.
+ #
+ # Check for an error condition that could cause a crash.
+ # This only happens if something has gone really wrong in
+ # reading the Nikon MakerNote.
+ if len( seq ) < 4 : return ""
+ #
+ if seq == [252, 1, 6, 0]:
+ return "-2/3 EV"
+ if seq == [253, 1, 6, 0]:
+ return "-1/2 EV"
+ if seq == [254, 1, 6, 0]:
+ return "-1/3 EV"
+ if seq == [0, 1, 6, 0]:
+ return "0 EV"
+ if seq == [2, 1, 6, 0]:
+ return "+1/3 EV"
+ if seq == [3, 1, 6, 0]:
+ return "+1/2 EV"
+ if seq == [4, 1, 6, 0]:
+ return "+2/3 EV"
+ # Handle combinations not in the table.
+ a = seq[0]
+ # Causes headaches for the +/- logic, so special case it.
+ if a == 0:
+ return "0 EV"
+ if a > 127:
+ a = 256 - a
+ ret_str = "-"
+ else:
+ ret_str = "+"
+ b = seq[2] # Assume third value means the step size
+ whole = a / b
+ a = a % b
+ if whole != 0:
+ ret_str = ret_str + str(whole) + " "
+ if a == 0:
+ ret_str = ret_str + "EV"
+ else:
+ r = Ratio(a, b)
+ ret_str = ret_str + r.__repr__() + " EV"
+ return ret_str
+
+# Nikon E99x MakerNote Tags
+MAKERNOTE_NIKON_NEWER_TAGS={
+ 0x0001: ('MakernoteVersion', make_string), # Sometimes binary
+ 0x0002: ('ISOSetting', make_string),
+ 0x0003: ('ColorMode', ),
+ 0x0004: ('Quality', ),
+ 0x0005: ('Whitebalance', ),
+ 0x0006: ('ImageSharpening', ),
+ 0x0007: ('FocusMode', ),
+ 0x0008: ('FlashSetting', ),
+ 0x0009: ('AutoFlashMode', ),
+ 0x000B: ('WhiteBalanceBias', ),
+ 0x000C: ('WhiteBalanceRBCoeff', ),
+ 0x000D: ('ProgramShift', nikon_ev_bias),
+ # Nearly the same as the other EV vals, but step size is 1/12 EV (?)
+ 0x000E: ('ExposureDifference', nikon_ev_bias),
+ 0x000F: ('ISOSelection', ),
+ 0x0011: ('NikonPreview', ),
+ 0x0012: ('FlashCompensation', nikon_ev_bias),
+ 0x0013: ('ISOSpeedRequested', ),
+ 0x0016: ('PhotoCornerCoordinates', ),
+ # 0x0017: Unknown, but most likely an EV value
+ 0x0018: ('FlashBracketCompensationApplied', nikon_ev_bias),
+ 0x0019: ('AEBracketCompensationApplied', ),
+ 0x001A: ('ImageProcessing', ),
+ 0x001B: ('CropHiSpeed', ),
+ 0x001D: ('SerialNumber', ), # Conflict with 0x00A0 ?
+ 0x001E: ('ColorSpace', ),
+ 0x001F: ('VRInfo', ),
+ 0x0020: ('ImageAuthentication', ),
+ 0x0022: ('ActiveDLighting', ),
+ 0x0023: ('PictureControl', ),
+ 0x0024: ('WorldTime', ),
+ 0x0025: ('ISOInfo', ),
+ 0x0080: ('ImageAdjustment', ),
+ 0x0081: ('ToneCompensation', ),
+ 0x0082: ('AuxiliaryLens', ),
+ 0x0083: ('LensType', ),
+ 0x0084: ('LensMinMaxFocalMaxAperture', ),
+ 0x0085: ('ManualFocusDistance', ),
+ 0x0086: ('DigitalZoomFactor', ),
+ 0x0087: ('FlashMode',
+ {0x00: 'Did Not Fire',
+ 0x01: 'Fired, Manual',
+ 0x07: 'Fired, External',
+ 0x08: 'Fired, Commander Mode ',
+ 0x09: 'Fired, TTL Mode'}),
+ 0x0088: ('AFFocusPosition',
+ {0x0000: 'Center',
+ 0x0100: 'Top',
+ 0x0200: 'Bottom',
+ 0x0300: 'Left',
+ 0x0400: 'Right'}),
+ 0x0089: ('BracketingMode',
+ {0x00: 'Single frame, no bracketing',
+ 0x01: 'Continuous, no bracketing',
+ 0x02: 'Timer, no bracketing',
+ 0x10: 'Single frame, exposure bracketing',
+ 0x11: 'Continuous, exposure bracketing',
+ 0x12: 'Timer, exposure bracketing',
+ 0x40: 'Single frame, white balance bracketing',
+ 0x41: 'Continuous, white balance bracketing',
+ 0x42: 'Timer, white balance bracketing'}),
+ 0x008A: ('AutoBracketRelease', ),
+ 0x008B: ('LensFStops', ),
+ 0x008C: ('NEFCurve1', ), # ExifTool calls this 'ContrastCurve'
+ 0x008D: ('ColorMode', ),
+ 0x008F: ('SceneMode', ),
+ 0x0090: ('LightingType', ),
+ 0x0091: ('ShotInfo', ), # First 4 bytes are a version number in ASCII
+ 0x0092: ('HueAdjustment', ),
+ # ExifTool calls this 'NEFCompression', should be 1-4
+ 0x0093: ('Compression', ),
+ 0x0094: ('Saturation',
+ {-3: 'B&W',
+ -2: '-2',
+ -1: '-1',
+ 0: '0',
+ 1: '1',
+ 2: '2'}),
+ 0x0095: ('NoiseReduction', ),
+ 0x0096: ('NEFCurve2', ), # ExifTool calls this 'LinearizationTable'
+ 0x0097: ('ColorBalance', ), # First 4 bytes are a version number in ASCII
+ 0x0098: ('LensData', ), # First 4 bytes are a version number in ASCII
+ 0x0099: ('RawImageCenter', ),
+ 0x009A: ('SensorPixelSize', ),
+ 0x009C: ('Scene Assist', ),
+ 0x009E: ('RetouchHistory', ),
+ 0x00A0: ('SerialNumber', ),
+ 0x00A2: ('ImageDataSize', ),
+ # 00A3: unknown - a single byte 0
+ # 00A4: In NEF, looks like a 4 byte ASCII version number ('0200')
+ 0x00A5: ('ImageCount', ),
+ 0x00A6: ('DeletedImageCount', ),
+ 0x00A7: ('TotalShutterReleases', ),
+ # First 4 bytes are a version number in ASCII, with version specific
+ # info to follow. Its hard to treat it as a string due to embedded nulls.
+ 0x00A8: ('FlashInfo', ),
+ 0x00A9: ('ImageOptimization', ),
+ 0x00AA: ('Saturation', ),
+ 0x00AB: ('DigitalVariProgram', ),
+ 0x00AC: ('ImageStabilization', ),
+ 0x00AD: ('Responsive AF', ), # 'AFResponse'
+ 0x00B0: ('MultiExposure', ),
+ 0x00B1: ('HighISONoiseReduction', ),
+ 0x00B7: ('AFInfo', ),
+ 0x00B8: ('FileInfo', ),
+ # 00B9: unknown
+ 0x0100: ('DigitalICE', ),
+ 0x0103: ('PreviewCompression',
+ {1: 'Uncompressed',
+ 2: 'CCITT 1D',
+ 3: 'T4/Group 3 Fax',
+ 4: 'T6/Group 4 Fax',
+ 5: 'LZW',
+ 6: 'JPEG (old-style)',
+ 7: 'JPEG',
+ 8: 'Adobe Deflate',
+ 9: 'JBIG B&W',
+ 10: 'JBIG Color',
+ 32766: 'Next',
+ 32769: 'Epson ERF Compressed',
+ 32771: 'CCIRLEW',
+ 32773: 'PackBits',
+ 32809: 'Thunderscan',
+ 32895: 'IT8CTPAD',
+ 32896: 'IT8LW',
+ 32897: 'IT8MP',
+ 32898: 'IT8BL',
+ 32908: 'PixarFilm',
+ 32909: 'PixarLog',
+ 32946: 'Deflate',
+ 32947: 'DCS',
+ 34661: 'JBIG',
+ 34676: 'SGILog',
+ 34677: 'SGILog24',
+ 34712: 'JPEG 2000',
+ 34713: 'Nikon NEF Compressed',
+ 65000: 'Kodak DCR Compressed',
+ 65535: 'Pentax PEF Compressed',}),
+ 0x0201: ('PreviewImageStart', ),
+ 0x0202: ('PreviewImageLength', ),
+ 0x0213: ('PreviewYCbCrPositioning',
+ {1: 'Centered',
+ 2: 'Co-sited'}),
+ 0x0010: ('DataDump', ),
+ }
+
+MAKERNOTE_NIKON_OLDER_TAGS = {
+ 0x0003: ('Quality',
+ {1: 'VGA Basic',
+ 2: 'VGA Normal',
+ 3: 'VGA Fine',
+ 4: 'SXGA Basic',
+ 5: 'SXGA Normal',
+ 6: 'SXGA Fine'}),
+ 0x0004: ('ColorMode',
+ {1: 'Color',
+ 2: 'Monochrome'}),
+ 0x0005: ('ImageAdjustment',
+ {0: 'Normal',
+ 1: 'Bright+',
+ 2: 'Bright-',
+ 3: 'Contrast+',
+ 4: 'Contrast-'}),
+ 0x0006: ('CCDSpeed',
+ {0: 'ISO 80',
+ 2: 'ISO 160',
+ 4: 'ISO 320',
+ 5: 'ISO 100'}),
+ 0x0007: ('WhiteBalance',
+ {0: 'Auto',
+ 1: 'Preset',
+ 2: 'Daylight',
+ 3: 'Incandescent',
+ 4: 'Fluorescent',
+ 5: 'Cloudy',
+ 6: 'Speed Light'}),
+ }
+
+# decode Olympus SpecialMode tag in MakerNote
+def olympus_special_mode(v):
+ a={
+ 0: 'Normal',
+ 1: 'Unknown',
+ 2: 'Fast',
+ 3: 'Panorama'}
+ b={
+ 0: 'Non-panoramic',
+ 1: 'Left to right',
+ 2: 'Right to left',
+ 3: 'Bottom to top',
+ 4: 'Top to bottom'}
+ if v[0] not in a or v[2] not in b:
+ return v
+ return '%s - sequence %d - %s' % (a[v[0]], v[1], b[v[2]])
+
+MAKERNOTE_OLYMPUS_TAGS={
+ # ah HAH! those sneeeeeaky bastids! this is how they get past the fact
+ # that a JPEG thumbnail is not allowed in an uncompressed TIFF file
+ 0x0100: ('JPEGThumbnail', ),
+ 0x0200: ('SpecialMode', olympus_special_mode),
+ 0x0201: ('JPEGQual',
+ {1: 'SQ',
+ 2: 'HQ',
+ 3: 'SHQ'}),
+ 0x0202: ('Macro',
+ {0: 'Normal',
+ 1: 'Macro',
+ 2: 'SuperMacro'}),
+ 0x0203: ('BWMode',
+ {0: 'Off',
+ 1: 'On'}),
+ 0x0204: ('DigitalZoom', ),
+ 0x0205: ('FocalPlaneDiagonal', ),
+ 0x0206: ('LensDistortionParams', ),
+ 0x0207: ('SoftwareRelease', ),
+ 0x0208: ('PictureInfo', ),
+ 0x0209: ('CameraID', make_string), # print as string
+ 0x0F00: ('DataDump', ),
+ 0x0300: ('PreCaptureFrames', ),
+ 0x0404: ('SerialNumber', ),
+ 0x1000: ('ShutterSpeedValue', ),
+ 0x1001: ('ISOValue', ),
+ 0x1002: ('ApertureValue', ),
+ 0x1003: ('BrightnessValue', ),
+ 0x1004: ('FlashMode', ),
+ 0x1004: ('FlashMode',
+ {2: 'On',
+ 3: 'Off'}),
+ 0x1005: ('FlashDevice',
+ {0: 'None',
+ 1: 'Internal',
+ 4: 'External',
+ 5: 'Internal + External'}),
+ 0x1006: ('ExposureCompensation', ),
+ 0x1007: ('SensorTemperature', ),
+ 0x1008: ('LensTemperature', ),
+ 0x100b: ('FocusMode',
+ {0: 'Auto',
+ 1: 'Manual'}),
+ 0x1017: ('RedBalance', ),
+ 0x1018: ('BlueBalance', ),
+ 0x101a: ('SerialNumber', ),
+ 0x1023: ('FlashExposureComp', ),
+ 0x1026: ('ExternalFlashBounce',
+ {0: 'No',
+ 1: 'Yes'}),
+ 0x1027: ('ExternalFlashZoom', ),
+ 0x1028: ('ExternalFlashMode', ),
+ 0x1029: ('Contrast int16u',
+ {0: 'High',
+ 1: 'Normal',
+ 2: 'Low'}),
+ 0x102a: ('SharpnessFactor', ),
+ 0x102b: ('ColorControl', ),
+ 0x102c: ('ValidBits', ),
+ 0x102d: ('CoringFilter', ),
+ 0x102e: ('OlympusImageWidth', ),
+ 0x102f: ('OlympusImageHeight', ),
+ 0x1034: ('CompressionRatio', ),
+ 0x1035: ('PreviewImageValid',
+ {0: 'No',
+ 1: 'Yes'}),
+ 0x1036: ('PreviewImageStart', ),
+ 0x1037: ('PreviewImageLength', ),
+ 0x1039: ('CCDScanMode',
+ {0: 'Interlaced',
+ 1: 'Progressive'}),
+ 0x103a: ('NoiseReduction',
+ {0: 'Off',
+ 1: 'On'}),
+ 0x103b: ('InfinityLensStep', ),
+ 0x103c: ('NearLensStep', ),
+
+ # TODO - these need extra definitions
+ # http://search.cpan.org/src/EXIFTOOL/Image-ExifTool-6.90/html/TagNames/Olympus.html
+ 0x2010: ('Equipment', ),
+ 0x2020: ('CameraSettings', ),
+ 0x2030: ('RawDevelopment', ),
+ 0x2040: ('ImageProcessing', ),
+ 0x2050: ('FocusInfo', ),
+ 0x3000: ('RawInfo ', ),
+ }
+
+# 0x2020 CameraSettings
+MAKERNOTE_OLYMPUS_TAG_0x2020={
+ 0x0100: ('PreviewImageValid',
+ {0: 'No',
+ 1: 'Yes'}),
+ 0x0101: ('PreviewImageStart', ),
+ 0x0102: ('PreviewImageLength', ),
+ 0x0200: ('ExposureMode',
+ {1: 'Manual',
+ 2: 'Program',
+ 3: 'Aperture-priority AE',
+ 4: 'Shutter speed priority AE',
+ 5: 'Program-shift'}),
+ 0x0201: ('AELock',
+ {0: 'Off',
+ 1: 'On'}),
+ 0x0202: ('MeteringMode',
+ {2: 'Center Weighted',
+ 3: 'Spot',
+ 5: 'ESP',
+ 261: 'Pattern+AF',
+ 515: 'Spot+Highlight control',
+ 1027: 'Spot+Shadow control'}),
+ 0x0300: ('MacroMode',
+ {0: 'Off',
+ 1: 'On'}),
+ 0x0301: ('FocusMode',
+ {0: 'Single AF',
+ 1: 'Sequential shooting AF',
+ 2: 'Continuous AF',
+ 3: 'Multi AF',
+ 10: 'MF'}),
+ 0x0302: ('FocusProcess',
+ {0: 'AF Not Used',
+ 1: 'AF Used'}),
+ 0x0303: ('AFSearch',
+ {0: 'Not Ready',
+ 1: 'Ready'}),
+ 0x0304: ('AFAreas', ),
+ 0x0401: ('FlashExposureCompensation', ),
+ 0x0500: ('WhiteBalance2',
+ {0: 'Auto',
+ 16: '7500K (Fine Weather with Shade)',
+ 17: '6000K (Cloudy)',
+ 18: '5300K (Fine Weather)',
+ 20: '3000K (Tungsten light)',
+ 21: '3600K (Tungsten light-like)',
+ 33: '6600K (Daylight fluorescent)',
+ 34: '4500K (Neutral white fluorescent)',
+ 35: '4000K (Cool white fluorescent)',
+ 48: '3600K (Tungsten light-like)',
+ 256: 'Custom WB 1',
+ 257: 'Custom WB 2',
+ 258: 'Custom WB 3',
+ 259: 'Custom WB 4',
+ 512: 'Custom WB 5400K',
+ 513: 'Custom WB 2900K',
+ 514: 'Custom WB 8000K', }),
+ 0x0501: ('WhiteBalanceTemperature', ),
+ 0x0502: ('WhiteBalanceBracket', ),
+ 0x0503: ('CustomSaturation', ), # (3 numbers: 1. CS Value, 2. Min, 3. Max)
+ 0x0504: ('ModifiedSaturation',
+ {0: 'Off',
+ 1: 'CM1 (Red Enhance)',
+ 2: 'CM2 (Green Enhance)',
+ 3: 'CM3 (Blue Enhance)',
+ 4: 'CM4 (Skin Tones)'}),
+ 0x0505: ('ContrastSetting', ), # (3 numbers: 1. Contrast, 2. Min, 3. Max)
+ 0x0506: ('SharpnessSetting', ), # (3 numbers: 1. Sharpness, 2. Min, 3. Max)
+ 0x0507: ('ColorSpace',
+ {0: 'sRGB',
+ 1: 'Adobe RGB',
+ 2: 'Pro Photo RGB'}),
+ 0x0509: ('SceneMode',
+ {0: 'Standard',
+ 6: 'Auto',
+ 7: 'Sport',
+ 8: 'Portrait',
+ 9: 'Landscape+Portrait',
+ 10: 'Landscape',
+ 11: 'Night scene',
+ 13: 'Panorama',
+ 16: 'Landscape+Portrait',
+ 17: 'Night+Portrait',
+ 19: 'Fireworks',
+ 20: 'Sunset',
+ 22: 'Macro',
+ 25: 'Documents',
+ 26: 'Museum',
+ 28: 'Beach&Snow',
+ 30: 'Candle',
+ 35: 'Underwater Wide1',
+ 36: 'Underwater Macro',
+ 39: 'High Key',
+ 40: 'Digital Image Stabilization',
+ 44: 'Underwater Wide2',
+ 45: 'Low Key',
+ 46: 'Children',
+ 48: 'Nature Macro'}),
+ 0x050a: ('NoiseReduction',
+ {0: 'Off',
+ 1: 'Noise Reduction',
+ 2: 'Noise Filter',
+ 3: 'Noise Reduction + Noise Filter',
+ 4: 'Noise Filter (ISO Boost)',
+ 5: 'Noise Reduction + Noise Filter (ISO Boost)'}),
+ 0x050b: ('DistortionCorrection',
+ {0: 'Off',
+ 1: 'On'}),
+ 0x050c: ('ShadingCompensation',
+ {0: 'Off',
+ 1: 'On'}),
+ 0x050d: ('CompressionFactor', ),
+ 0x050f: ('Gradation',
+ {'-1 -1 1': 'Low Key',
+ '0 -1 1': 'Normal',
+ '1 -1 1': 'High Key'}),
+ 0x0520: ('PictureMode',
+ {1: 'Vivid',
+ 2: 'Natural',
+ 3: 'Muted',
+ 256: 'Monotone',
+ 512: 'Sepia'}),
+ 0x0521: ('PictureModeSaturation', ),
+ 0x0522: ('PictureModeHue?', ),
+ 0x0523: ('PictureModeContrast', ),
+ 0x0524: ('PictureModeSharpness', ),
+ 0x0525: ('PictureModeBWFilter',
+ {0: 'n/a',
+ 1: 'Neutral',
+ 2: 'Yellow',
+ 3: 'Orange',
+ 4: 'Red',
+ 5: 'Green'}),
+ 0x0526: ('PictureModeTone',
+ {0: 'n/a',
+ 1: 'Neutral',
+ 2: 'Sepia',
+ 3: 'Blue',
+ 4: 'Purple',
+ 5: 'Green'}),
+ 0x0600: ('Sequence', ), # 2 or 3 numbers: 1. Mode, 2. Shot number, 3. Mode bits
+ 0x0601: ('PanoramaMode', ), # (2 numbers: 1. Mode, 2. Shot number)
+ 0x0603: ('ImageQuality2',
+ {1: 'SQ',
+ 2: 'HQ',
+ 3: 'SHQ',
+ 4: 'RAW'}),
+ 0x0901: ('ManometerReading', ),
+ }
+
+
+MAKERNOTE_CASIO_TAGS={
+ 0x0001: ('RecordingMode',
+ {1: 'Single Shutter',
+ 2: 'Panorama',
+ 3: 'Night Scene',
+ 4: 'Portrait',
+ 5: 'Landscape'}),
+ 0x0002: ('Quality',
+ {1: 'Economy',
+ 2: 'Normal',
+ 3: 'Fine'}),
+ 0x0003: ('FocusingMode',
+ {2: 'Macro',
+ 3: 'Auto Focus',
+ 4: 'Manual Focus',
+ 5: 'Infinity'}),
+ 0x0004: ('FlashMode',
+ {1: 'Auto',
+ 2: 'On',
+ 3: 'Off',
+ 4: 'Red Eye Reduction'}),
+ 0x0005: ('FlashIntensity',
+ {11: 'Weak',
+ 13: 'Normal',
+ 15: 'Strong'}),
+ 0x0006: ('Object Distance', ),
+ 0x0007: ('WhiteBalance',
+ {1: 'Auto',
+ 2: 'Tungsten',
+ 3: 'Daylight',
+ 4: 'Fluorescent',
+ 5: 'Shade',
+ 129: 'Manual'}),
+ 0x000B: ('Sharpness',
+ {0: 'Normal',
+ 1: 'Soft',
+ 2: 'Hard'}),
+ 0x000C: ('Contrast',
+ {0: 'Normal',
+ 1: 'Low',
+ 2: 'High'}),
+ 0x000D: ('Saturation',
+ {0: 'Normal',
+ 1: 'Low',
+ 2: 'High'}),
+ 0x0014: ('CCDSpeed',
+ {64: 'Normal',
+ 80: 'Normal',
+ 100: 'High',
+ 125: '+1.0',
+ 244: '+3.0',
+ 250: '+2.0'}),
+ }
+
+MAKERNOTE_FUJIFILM_TAGS={
+ 0x0000: ('NoteVersion', make_string),
+ 0x1000: ('Quality', ),
+ 0x1001: ('Sharpness',
+ {1: 'Soft',
+ 2: 'Soft',
+ 3: 'Normal',
+ 4: 'Hard',
+ 5: 'Hard'}),
+ 0x1002: ('WhiteBalance',
+ {0: 'Auto',
+ 256: 'Daylight',
+ 512: 'Cloudy',
+ 768: 'DaylightColor-Fluorescent',
+ 769: 'DaywhiteColor-Fluorescent',
+ 770: 'White-Fluorescent',
+ 1024: 'Incandescent',
+ 3840: 'Custom'}),
+ 0x1003: ('Color',
+ {0: 'Normal',
+ 256: 'High',
+ 512: 'Low'}),
+ 0x1004: ('Tone',
+ {0: 'Normal',
+ 256: 'High',
+ 512: 'Low'}),
+ 0x1010: ('FlashMode',
+ {0: 'Auto',
+ 1: 'On',
+ 2: 'Off',
+ 3: 'Red Eye Reduction'}),
+ 0x1011: ('FlashStrength', ),
+ 0x1020: ('Macro',
+ {0: 'Off',
+ 1: 'On'}),
+ 0x1021: ('FocusMode',
+ {0: 'Auto',
+ 1: 'Manual'}),
+ 0x1030: ('SlowSync',
+ {0: 'Off',
+ 1: 'On'}),
+ 0x1031: ('PictureMode',
+ {0: 'Auto',
+ 1: 'Portrait',
+ 2: 'Landscape',
+ 4: 'Sports',
+ 5: 'Night',
+ 6: 'Program AE',
+ 256: 'Aperture Priority AE',
+ 512: 'Shutter Priority AE',
+ 768: 'Manual Exposure'}),
+ 0x1100: ('MotorOrBracket',
+ {0: 'Off',
+ 1: 'On'}),
+ 0x1300: ('BlurWarning',
+ {0: 'Off',
+ 1: 'On'}),
+ 0x1301: ('FocusWarning',
+ {0: 'Off',
+ 1: 'On'}),
+ 0x1302: ('AEWarning',
+ {0: 'Off',
+ 1: 'On'}),
+ }
+
+MAKERNOTE_CANON_TAGS = {
+ 0x0006: ('ImageType', ),
+ 0x0007: ('FirmwareVersion', ),
+ 0x0008: ('ImageNumber', ),
+ 0x0009: ('OwnerName', ),
+ }
+
+# this is in element offset, name, optional value dictionary format
+MAKERNOTE_CANON_TAG_0x001 = {
+ 1: ('Macromode',
+ {1: 'Macro',
+ 2: 'Normal'}),
+ 2: ('SelfTimer', ),
+ 3: ('Quality',
+ {2: 'Normal',
+ 3: 'Fine',
+ 5: 'Superfine'}),
+ 4: ('FlashMode',
+ {0: 'Flash Not Fired',
+ 1: 'Auto',
+ 2: 'On',
+ 3: 'Red-Eye Reduction',
+ 4: 'Slow Synchro',
+ 5: 'Auto + Red-Eye Reduction',
+ 6: 'On + Red-Eye Reduction',
+ 16: 'external flash'}),
+ 5: ('ContinuousDriveMode',
+ {0: 'Single Or Timer',
+ 1: 'Continuous'}),
+ 7: ('FocusMode',
+ {0: 'One-Shot',
+ 1: 'AI Servo',
+ 2: 'AI Focus',
+ 3: 'MF',
+ 4: 'Single',
+ 5: 'Continuous',
+ 6: 'MF'}),
+ 10: ('ImageSize',
+ {0: 'Large',
+ 1: 'Medium',
+ 2: 'Small'}),
+ 11: ('EasyShootingMode',
+ {0: 'Full Auto',
+ 1: 'Manual',
+ 2: 'Landscape',
+ 3: 'Fast Shutter',
+ 4: 'Slow Shutter',
+ 5: 'Night',
+ 6: 'B&W',
+ 7: 'Sepia',
+ 8: 'Portrait',
+ 9: 'Sports',
+ 10: 'Macro/Close-Up',
+ 11: 'Pan Focus'}),
+ 12: ('DigitalZoom',
+ {0: 'None',
+ 1: '2x',
+ 2: '4x'}),
+ 13: ('Contrast',
+ {0xFFFF: 'Low',
+ 0: 'Normal',
+ 1: 'High'}),
+ 14: ('Saturation',
+ {0xFFFF: 'Low',
+ 0: 'Normal',
+ 1: 'High'}),
+ 15: ('Sharpness',
+ {0xFFFF: 'Low',
+ 0: 'Normal',
+ 1: 'High'}),
+ 16: ('ISO',
+ {0: 'See ISOSpeedRatings Tag',
+ 15: 'Auto',
+ 16: '50',
+ 17: '100',
+ 18: '200',
+ 19: '400'}),
+ 17: ('MeteringMode',
+ {3: 'Evaluative',
+ 4: 'Partial',
+ 5: 'Center-weighted'}),
+ 18: ('FocusType',
+ {0: 'Manual',
+ 1: 'Auto',
+ 3: 'Close-Up (Macro)',
+ 8: 'Locked (Pan Mode)'}),
+ 19: ('AFPointSelected',
+ {0x3000: 'None (MF)',
+ 0x3001: 'Auto-Selected',
+ 0x3002: 'Right',
+ 0x3003: 'Center',
+ 0x3004: 'Left'}),
+ 20: ('ExposureMode',
+ {0: 'Easy Shooting',
+ 1: 'Program',
+ 2: 'Tv-priority',
+ 3: 'Av-priority',
+ 4: 'Manual',
+ 5: 'A-DEP'}),
+ 23: ('LongFocalLengthOfLensInFocalUnits', ),
+ 24: ('ShortFocalLengthOfLensInFocalUnits', ),
+ 25: ('FocalUnitsPerMM', ),
+ 28: ('FlashActivity',
+ {0: 'Did Not Fire',
+ 1: 'Fired'}),
+ 29: ('FlashDetails',
+ {14: 'External E-TTL',
+ 13: 'Internal Flash',
+ 11: 'FP Sync Used',
+ 7: '2nd("Rear")-Curtain Sync Used',
+ 4: 'FP Sync Enabled'}),
+ 32: ('FocusMode',
+ {0: 'Single',
+ 1: 'Continuous'}),
+ }
+
+MAKERNOTE_CANON_TAG_0x004 = {
+ 7: ('WhiteBalance',
+ {0: 'Auto',
+ 1: 'Sunny',
+ 2: 'Cloudy',
+ 3: 'Tungsten',
+ 4: 'Fluorescent',
+ 5: 'Flash',
+ 6: 'Custom'}),
+ 9: ('SequenceNumber', ),
+ 14: ('AFPointUsed', ),
+ 15: ('FlashBias',
+ {0xFFC0: '-2 EV',
+ 0xFFCC: '-1.67 EV',
+ 0xFFD0: '-1.50 EV',
+ 0xFFD4: '-1.33 EV',
+ 0xFFE0: '-1 EV',
+ 0xFFEC: '-0.67 EV',
+ 0xFFF0: '-0.50 EV',
+ 0xFFF4: '-0.33 EV',
+ 0x0000: '0 EV',
+ 0x000C: '0.33 EV',
+ 0x0010: '0.50 EV',
+ 0x0014: '0.67 EV',
+ 0x0020: '1 EV',
+ 0x002C: '1.33 EV',
+ 0x0030: '1.50 EV',
+ 0x0034: '1.67 EV',
+ 0x0040: '2 EV'}),
+ 19: ('SubjectDistance', ),
+ }
+
+# extract multibyte integer in Motorola format (little endian)
+def s2n_motorola(str):
+ x = 0
+ for c in str:
+ x = (x << 8) | ord(c)
+ return x
+
+# extract multibyte integer in Intel format (big endian)
+def s2n_intel(str):
+ x = 0
+ y = 0L
+ for c in str:
+ x = x | (ord(c) << y)
+ y = y + 8
+ return x
+
+# ratio object that eventually will be able to reduce itself to lowest
+# common denominator for printing
+def gcd(a, b):
+ if b == 0:
+ return a
+ else:
+ return gcd(b, a % b)
+
+class Ratio:
+ def __init__(self, num, den):
+ self.num = num
+ self.den = den
+
+ def __repr__(self):
+ self.reduce()
+ if self.den == 1:
+ return str(self.num)
+ return '%d/%d' % (self.num, self.den)
+
+ def reduce(self):
+ div = gcd(self.num, self.den)
+ if div > 1:
+ self.num = self.num / div
+ self.den = self.den / div
+
+# for ease of dealing with tags
+class IFD_Tag:
+ def __init__(self, printable, tag, field_type, values, field_offset,
+ field_length):
+ # printable version of data
+ self.printable = printable
+ # tag ID number
+ self.tag = tag
+ # field type as index into FIELD_TYPES
+ self.field_type = field_type
+ # offset of start of field in bytes from beginning of IFD
+ self.field_offset = field_offset
+ # length of data field in bytes
+ self.field_length = field_length
+ # either a string or array of data items
+ self.values = values
+
+ def __str__(self):
+ return self.printable
+
+ def __repr__(self):
+ return '(0x%04X) %s=%s @ %d' % (self.tag,
+ FIELD_TYPES[self.field_type][2],
+ self.printable,
+ self.field_offset)
+
+# class that handles an EXIF header
+class EXIF_header:
+ def __init__(self, file, endian, offset, fake_exif, strict, debug=0):
+ self.file = file
+ self.endian = endian
+ self.offset = offset
+ self.fake_exif = fake_exif
+ self.strict = strict
+ self.debug = debug
+ self.tags = {}
+
+ # convert slice to integer, based on sign and endian flags
+ # usually this offset is assumed to be relative to the beginning of the
+ # start of the EXIF information. For some cameras that use relative tags,
+ # this offset may be relative to some other starting point.
+ def s2n(self, offset, length, signed=0):
+ self.file.seek(self.offset+offset)
+ slice=self.file.read(length)
+ if self.endian == 'I':
+ val=s2n_intel(slice)
+ else:
+ val=s2n_motorola(slice)
+ # Sign extension ?
+ if signed:
+ msb=1L << (8*length-1)
+ if val & msb:
+ val=val-(msb << 1)
+ return val
+
+ # convert offset to string
+ def n2s(self, offset, length):
+ s = ''
+ for dummy in range(length):
+ if self.endian == 'I':
+ s = s + chr(offset & 0xFF)
+ else:
+ s = chr(offset & 0xFF) + s
+ offset = offset >> 8
+ return s
+
+ # return first IFD
+ def first_IFD(self):
+ return self.s2n(4, 4)
+
+ # return pointer to next IFD
+ def next_IFD(self, ifd):
+ entries=self.s2n(ifd, 2)
+ return self.s2n(ifd+2+12*entries, 4)
+
+ # return list of IFDs in header
+ def list_IFDs(self):
+ i=self.first_IFD()
+ a=[]
+ while i:
+ a.append(i)
+ i=self.next_IFD(i)
+ return a
+
+ # return list of entries in this IFD
+ def dump_IFD(self, ifd, ifd_name, dict=EXIF_TAGS, relative=0, stop_tag='UNDEF'):
+ entries=self.s2n(ifd, 2)
+ for i in range(entries):
+ # entry is index of start of this IFD in the file
+ entry = ifd + 2 + 12 * i
+ tag = self.s2n(entry, 2)
+
+ # get tag name early to avoid errors, help debug
+ tag_entry = dict.get(tag)
+ if tag_entry:
+ tag_name = tag_entry[0]
+ else:
+ tag_name = 'Tag 0x%04X' % tag
+
+ # ignore certain tags for faster processing
+ if not (not detailed and tag in IGNORE_TAGS):
+ field_type = self.s2n(entry + 2, 2)
+
+ # unknown field type
+ if not 0 < field_type < len(FIELD_TYPES):
+ if not self.strict:
+ continue
+ else:
+ raise ValueError('unknown type %d in tag 0x%04X' % (field_type, tag))
+
+ typelen = FIELD_TYPES[field_type][0]
+ count = self.s2n(entry + 4, 4)
+ # Adjust for tag id/type/count (2+2+4 bytes)
+ # Now we point at either the data or the 2nd level offset
+ offset = entry + 8
+
+ # If the value fits in 4 bytes, it is inlined, else we
+ # need to jump ahead again.
+ if count * typelen > 4:
+ # offset is not the value; it's a pointer to the value
+ # if relative we set things up so s2n will seek to the right
+ # place when it adds self.offset. Note that this 'relative'
+ # is for the Nikon type 3 makernote. Other cameras may use
+ # other relative offsets, which would have to be computed here
+ # slightly differently.
+ if relative:
+ tmp_offset = self.s2n(offset, 4)
+ offset = tmp_offset + ifd - 8
+ if self.fake_exif:
+ offset = offset + 18
+ else:
+ offset = self.s2n(offset, 4)
+
+ field_offset = offset
+ if field_type == 2:
+ # special case: null-terminated ASCII string
+ # XXX investigate
+ # sometimes gets too big to fit in int value
+ if count != 0 and count < (2**31):
+ self.file.seek(self.offset + offset)
+ values = self.file.read(count)
+ #print values
+ # Drop any garbage after a null.
+ values = values.split('\x00', 1)[0]
+ else:
+ values = ''
+ else:
+ values = []
+ signed = (field_type in [6, 8, 9, 10])
+
+ # XXX investigate
+ # some entries get too big to handle could be malformed
+ # file or problem with self.s2n
+ if count < 1000:
+ for dummy in range(count):
+ if field_type in (5, 10):
+ # a ratio
+ value = Ratio(self.s2n(offset, 4, signed),
+ self.s2n(offset + 4, 4, signed))
+ else:
+ value = self.s2n(offset, typelen, signed)
+ values.append(value)
+ offset = offset + typelen
+ # The test above causes problems with tags that are
+ # supposed to have long values! Fix up one important case.
+ elif tag_name == 'MakerNote' :
+ for dummy in range(count):
+ value = self.s2n(offset, typelen, signed)
+ values.append(value)
+ offset = offset + typelen
+ #else :
+ # print "Warning: dropping large tag:", tag, tag_name
+
+ # now 'values' is either a string or an array
+ if count == 1 and field_type != 2:
+ printable=str(values[0])
+ elif count > 50 and len(values) > 20 :
+ printable=str( values[0:20] )[0:-1] + ", ... ]"
+ else:
+ printable=str(values)
+
+ # compute printable version of values
+ if tag_entry:
+ if len(tag_entry) != 1:
+ # optional 2nd tag element is present
+ if callable(tag_entry[1]):
+ # call mapping function
+ printable = tag_entry[1](values)
+ else:
+ printable = ''
+ for i in values:
+ # use lookup table for this tag
+ printable += tag_entry[1].get(i, repr(i))
+
+ self.tags[ifd_name + ' ' + tag_name] = IFD_Tag(printable, tag,
+ field_type,
+ values, field_offset,
+ count * typelen)
+ if self.debug:
+ print ' debug: %s: %s' % (tag_name,
+ repr(self.tags[ifd_name + ' ' + tag_name]))
+
+ if tag_name == stop_tag:
+ break
+
+ # extract uncompressed TIFF thumbnail (like pulling teeth)
+ # we take advantage of the pre-existing layout in the thumbnail IFD as
+ # much as possible
+ def extract_TIFF_thumbnail(self, thumb_ifd):
+ entries = self.s2n(thumb_ifd, 2)
+ # this is header plus offset to IFD ...
+ if self.endian == 'M':
+ tiff = 'MM\x00*\x00\x00\x00\x08'
+ else:
+ tiff = 'II*\x00\x08\x00\x00\x00'
+ # ... plus thumbnail IFD data plus a null "next IFD" pointer
+ self.file.seek(self.offset+thumb_ifd)
+ tiff += self.file.read(entries*12+2)+'\x00\x00\x00\x00'
+
+ # fix up large value offset pointers into data area
+ for i in range(entries):
+ entry = thumb_ifd + 2 + 12 * i
+ tag = self.s2n(entry, 2)
+ field_type = self.s2n(entry+2, 2)
+ typelen = FIELD_TYPES[field_type][0]
+ count = self.s2n(entry+4, 4)
+ oldoff = self.s2n(entry+8, 4)
+ # start of the 4-byte pointer area in entry
+ ptr = i * 12 + 18
+ # remember strip offsets location
+ if tag == 0x0111:
+ strip_off = ptr
+ strip_len = count * typelen
+ # is it in the data area?
+ if count * typelen > 4:
+ # update offset pointer (nasty "strings are immutable" crap)
+ # should be able to say "tiff[ptr:ptr+4]=newoff"
+ newoff = len(tiff)
+ tiff = tiff[:ptr] + self.n2s(newoff, 4) + tiff[ptr+4:]
+ # remember strip offsets location
+ if tag == 0x0111:
+ strip_off = newoff
+ strip_len = 4
+ # get original data and store it
+ self.file.seek(self.offset + oldoff)
+ tiff += self.file.read(count * typelen)
+
+ # add pixel strips and update strip offset info
+ old_offsets = self.tags['Thumbnail StripOffsets'].values
+ old_counts = self.tags['Thumbnail StripByteCounts'].values
+ for i in range(len(old_offsets)):
+ # update offset pointer (more nasty "strings are immutable" crap)
+ offset = self.n2s(len(tiff), strip_len)
+ tiff = tiff[:strip_off] + offset + tiff[strip_off + strip_len:]
+ strip_off += strip_len
+ # add pixel strip to end
+ self.file.seek(self.offset + old_offsets[i])
+ tiff += self.file.read(old_counts[i])
+
+ self.tags['TIFFThumbnail'] = tiff
+
+ # decode all the camera-specific MakerNote formats
+
+ # Note is the data that comprises this MakerNote. The MakerNote will
+ # likely have pointers in it that point to other parts of the file. We'll
+ # use self.offset as the starting point for most of those pointers, since
+ # they are relative to the beginning of the file.
+ #
+ # If the MakerNote is in a newer format, it may use relative addressing
+ # within the MakerNote. In that case we'll use relative addresses for the
+ # pointers.
+ #
+ # As an aside: it's not just to be annoying that the manufacturers use
+ # relative offsets. It's so that if the makernote has to be moved by the
+ # picture software all of the offsets don't have to be adjusted. Overall,
+ # this is probably the right strategy for makernotes, though the spec is
+ # ambiguous. (The spec does not appear to imagine that makernotes would
+ # follow EXIF format internally. Once they did, it's ambiguous whether
+ # the offsets should be from the header at the start of all the EXIF info,
+ # or from the header at the start of the makernote.)
+ def decode_maker_note(self):
+ note = self.tags['EXIF MakerNote']
+
+ # Some apps use MakerNote tags but do not use a format for which we
+ # have a description, so just do a raw dump for these.
+ #if self.tags.has_key('Image Make'):
+ make = self.tags['Image Make'].printable
+ #else:
+ # make = ''
+
+ # model = self.tags['Image Model'].printable # unused
+
+ # Nikon
+ # The maker note usually starts with the word Nikon, followed by the
+ # type of the makernote (1 or 2, as a short). If the word Nikon is
+ # not at the start of the makernote, it's probably type 2, since some
+ # cameras work that way.
+ if 'NIKON' in make:
+ if note.values[0:7] == [78, 105, 107, 111, 110, 0, 1]:
+ if self.debug:
+ print "Looks like a type 1 Nikon MakerNote."
+ self.dump_IFD(note.field_offset+8, 'MakerNote',
+ dict=MAKERNOTE_NIKON_OLDER_TAGS)
+ elif note.values[0:7] == [78, 105, 107, 111, 110, 0, 2]:
+ if self.debug:
+ print "Looks like a labeled type 2 Nikon MakerNote"
+ if note.values[12:14] != [0, 42] and note.values[12:14] != [42L, 0L]:
+ raise ValueError("Missing marker tag '42' in MakerNote.")
+ # skip the Makernote label and the TIFF header
+ self.dump_IFD(note.field_offset+10+8, 'MakerNote',
+ dict=MAKERNOTE_NIKON_NEWER_TAGS, relative=1)
+ else:
+ # E99x or D1
+ if self.debug:
+ print "Looks like an unlabeled type 2 Nikon MakerNote"
+ self.dump_IFD(note.field_offset, 'MakerNote',
+ dict=MAKERNOTE_NIKON_NEWER_TAGS)
+ return
+
+ # Olympus
+ if make.startswith('OLYMPUS'):
+ self.dump_IFD(note.field_offset+8, 'MakerNote',
+ dict=MAKERNOTE_OLYMPUS_TAGS)
+ # XXX TODO
+ #for i in (('MakerNote Tag 0x2020', MAKERNOTE_OLYMPUS_TAG_0x2020),):
+ # self.decode_olympus_tag(self.tags[i[0]].values, i[1])
+ #return
+
+ # Casio
+ if 'CASIO' in make or 'Casio' in make:
+ self.dump_IFD(note.field_offset, 'MakerNote',
+ dict=MAKERNOTE_CASIO_TAGS)
+ return
+
+ # Fujifilm
+ if make == 'FUJIFILM':
+ # bug: everything else is "Motorola" endian, but the MakerNote
+ # is "Intel" endian
+ endian = self.endian
+ self.endian = 'I'
+ # bug: IFD offsets are from beginning of MakerNote, not
+ # beginning of file header
+ offset = self.offset
+ self.offset += note.field_offset
+ # process note with bogus values (note is actually at offset 12)
+ self.dump_IFD(12, 'MakerNote', dict=MAKERNOTE_FUJIFILM_TAGS)
+ # reset to correct values
+ self.endian = endian
+ self.offset = offset
+ return
+
+ # Canon
+ if make == 'Canon':
+ self.dump_IFD(note.field_offset, 'MakerNote',
+ dict=MAKERNOTE_CANON_TAGS)
+ for i in (('MakerNote Tag 0x0001', MAKERNOTE_CANON_TAG_0x001),
+ ('MakerNote Tag 0x0004', MAKERNOTE_CANON_TAG_0x004)):
+ self.canon_decode_tag(self.tags[i[0]].values, i[1])
+ return
+
+
+ # XXX TODO decode Olympus MakerNote tag based on offset within tag
+ def olympus_decode_tag(self, value, dict):
+ pass
+
+ # decode Canon MakerNote tag based on offset within tag
+ # see http://www.burren.cx/david/canon.html by David Burren
+ def canon_decode_tag(self, value, dict):
+ for i in range(1, len(value)):
+ x=dict.get(i, ('Unknown', ))
+ if self.debug:
+ print i, x
+ name=x[0]
+ if len(x) > 1:
+ val=x[1].get(value[i], 'Unknown')
+ else:
+ val=value[i]
+ # it's not a real IFD Tag but we fake one to make everybody
+ # happy. this will have a "proprietary" type
+ self.tags['MakerNote '+name]=IFD_Tag(str(val), None, 0, None,
+ None, None)
+
+# process an image file (expects an open file object)
+# this is the function that has to deal with all the arbitrary nasty bits
+# of the EXIF standard
+def process_file(f, stop_tag='UNDEF', details=True, strict=False, debug=False):
+ # yah it's cheesy...
+ global detailed
+ detailed = details
+
+ # by default do not fake an EXIF beginning
+ fake_exif = 0
+
+ # determine whether it's a JPEG or TIFF
+ data = f.read(12)
+ if data[0:4] in ['II*\x00', 'MM\x00*']:
+ # it's a TIFF file
+ f.seek(0)
+ endian = f.read(1)
+ f.read(1)
+ offset = 0
+ elif data[0:2] == '\xFF\xD8':
+ # it's a JPEG file
+ while data[2] == '\xFF' and data[6:10] in ('JFIF', 'JFXX', 'OLYM', 'Phot'):
+ length = ord(data[4])*256+ord(data[5])
+ f.read(length-8)
+ # fake an EXIF beginning of file
+ data = '\xFF\x00'+f.read(10)
+ fake_exif = 1
+ if data[2] == '\xFF' and data[6:10] == 'Exif':
+ # detected EXIF header
+ offset = f.tell()
+ endian = f.read(1)
+ else:
+ # no EXIF information
+ return {}
+ else:
+ # file format not recognized
+ return {}
+
+ # deal with the EXIF info we found
+ if debug:
+ print {'I': 'Intel', 'M': 'Motorola'}[endian], 'format'
+ hdr = EXIF_header(f, endian, offset, fake_exif, strict, debug)
+ ifd_list = hdr.list_IFDs()
+ ctr = 0
+ for i in ifd_list:
+ if ctr == 0:
+ IFD_name = 'Image'
+ elif ctr == 1:
+ IFD_name = 'Thumbnail'
+ thumb_ifd = i
+ else:
+ IFD_name = 'IFD %d' % ctr
+ if debug:
+ print ' IFD %d (%s) at offset %d:' % (ctr, IFD_name, i)
+ hdr.dump_IFD(i, IFD_name, stop_tag=stop_tag)
+ # EXIF IFD
+ exif_off = hdr.tags.get(IFD_name+' ExifOffset')
+ if exif_off:
+ if debug:
+ print ' EXIF SubIFD at offset %d:' % exif_off.values[0]
+ hdr.dump_IFD(exif_off.values[0], 'EXIF', stop_tag=stop_tag)
+ # Interoperability IFD contained in EXIF IFD
+ intr_off = hdr.tags.get('EXIF SubIFD InteroperabilityOffset')
+ if intr_off:
+ if debug:
+ print ' EXIF Interoperability SubSubIFD at offset %d:' \
+ % intr_off.values[0]
+ hdr.dump_IFD(intr_off.values[0], 'EXIF Interoperability',
+ dict=INTR_TAGS, stop_tag=stop_tag)
+ # GPS IFD
+ gps_off = hdr.tags.get(IFD_name+' GPSInfo')
+ if gps_off:
+ if debug:
+ print ' GPS SubIFD at offset %d:' % gps_off.values[0]
+ hdr.dump_IFD(gps_off.values[0], 'GPS', dict=GPS_TAGS, stop_tag=stop_tag)
+ ctr += 1
+
+ # extract uncompressed TIFF thumbnail
+ thumb = hdr.tags.get('Thumbnail Compression')
+ if thumb and thumb.printable == 'Uncompressed TIFF':
+ hdr.extract_TIFF_thumbnail(thumb_ifd)
+
+ # JPEG thumbnail (thankfully the JPEG data is stored as a unit)
+ thumb_off = hdr.tags.get('Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormat')
+ if thumb_off:
+ f.seek(offset+thumb_off.values[0])
+ size = hdr.tags['Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormatLength'].values[0]
+ hdr.tags['JPEGThumbnail'] = f.read(size)
+
+ # deal with MakerNote contained in EXIF IFD
+ # (Some apps use MakerNote tags but do not use a format for which we
+ # have a description, do not process these).
+ if 'EXIF MakerNote' in hdr.tags and 'Image Make' in hdr.tags and detailed:
+ hdr.decode_maker_note()
+
+ # Sometimes in a TIFF file, a JPEG thumbnail is hidden in the MakerNote
+ # since it's not allowed in a uncompressed TIFF IFD
+ if 'JPEGThumbnail' not in hdr.tags:
+ thumb_off=hdr.tags.get('MakerNote JPEGThumbnail')
+ if thumb_off:
+ f.seek(offset+thumb_off.values[0])
+ hdr.tags['JPEGThumbnail']=file.read(thumb_off.field_length)
+
+ return hdr.tags
+
+
+# show command line usage
+def usage(exit_status):
+ msg = 'Usage: EXIF.py [OPTIONS] file1 [file2 ...]\n'
+ msg += 'Extract EXIF information from digital camera image files.\n\nOptions:\n'
+ msg += '-q --quick Do not process MakerNotes.\n'
+ msg += '-t TAG --stop-tag TAG Stop processing when this tag is retrieved.\n'
+ msg += '-s --strict Run in strict mode (stop on errors).\n'
+ msg += '-d --debug Run in debug mode (display extra info).\n'
+ print msg
+ sys.exit(exit_status)
+
+# library test/debug function (dump given files)
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+ import sys
+ import getopt
+
+ # parse command line options/arguments
+ try:
+ opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], "hqsdt:v", ["help", "quick", "strict", "debug", "stop-tag="])
+ except getopt.GetoptError:
+ usage(2)
+ if args == []:
+ usage(2)
+ detailed = True
+ stop_tag = 'UNDEF'
+ debug = False
+ strict = False
+ for o, a in opts:
+ if o in ("-h", "--help"):
+ usage(0)
+ if o in ("-q", "--quick"):
+ detailed = False
+ if o in ("-t", "--stop-tag"):
+ stop_tag = a
+ if o in ("-s", "--strict"):
+ strict = True
+ if o in ("-d", "--debug"):
+ debug = True
+
+ # output info for each file
+ for filename in args:
+ try:
+ file=open(filename, 'rb')
+ except:
+ print "'%s' is unreadable\n"%filename
+ continue
+ print filename + ':'
+ # get the tags
+ data = process_file(file, stop_tag=stop_tag, details=detailed, strict=strict, debug=debug)
+ if not data:
+ print 'No EXIF information found'
+ continue
+
+ x=data.keys()
+ x.sort()
+ for i in x:
+ if i in ('JPEGThumbnail', 'TIFFThumbnail'):
+ continue
+ try:
+ print ' %s (%s): %s' % \
+ (i, FIELD_TYPES[data[i].field_type][2], data[i].printable)
+ except:
+ print 'error', i, '"', data[i], '"'
+ if 'JPEGThumbnail' in data:
+ print 'File has JPEG thumbnail'
+ print
+