author | Tero Marttila <tero.marttila@aalto.fi> |
Thu, 26 Feb 2015 19:26:15 +0200 | |
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= pvl-hosts = |
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DNS/DHCP hosts management/integration for ISC bind9 and dhcpd. |
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Also includes network SNMP discovery. |
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== Hosts == |
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The `pvl.hosts-*` tools read hosts files as input, which have an ini format, using section names as hostnames to configure attributes for that host: |
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[foo] |
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ip = 192.0.2.1 |
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ethernet = 00:11:22:33:44:55 |
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[bar] |
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ip = 192.0.2.2 |
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ethernet = 01:23:45:67:89:ab |
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The domain name for a host is determined from the basename of the config file, so this example file would generate something like the following output for use in a `zone "example.com" { ... }` zonefile: |
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$ bin/pvl.hosts-forward etc/hosts/example.com |
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foo A 192.0.2.1 |
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bar A 192.0.2.2 |
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And correspondingly, the reverse zone for `2.0.192.in-addr.arpa`: |
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$ bin/pvl.hosts-reverse --zone-prefix=192.0.2.0/24 etc/hosts/example.com |
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1 PTR foo.example.com. |
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2 PTR bar.example.com. |
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And the associated DHCP hosts: |
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$ bin/pvl.hosts-dhcp etc/hosts/example.com |
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host foo { |
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option host-name foo; |
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hardware ethernet 00:11:22:33:44:55; |
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fixed-address 192.0.2.1; |
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} |
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host bar { |
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option host-name bar; |
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hardware ethernet 01:23:45:67:89:ab; |
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fixed-address 192.0.2.2; |
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} |
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=== Include directories === |
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Host configs can be included: |
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$ cat etc/hosts/test |
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include = test.d/ |
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$ cat etc/hosts/test.d/foo |
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ip = 192.0.2.1 |
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$ cat etc/hosts/test.d/bar |
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ip = 192.0.2.2 |
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$ bin/pvl.hosts-forward etc/hosts/test |
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foo A 192.0.2.1 |
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bar A 192.0.2.2 |
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Including a directory of files is equivalent to substituiting each file as a named section at the level of the include = statement. Note that this means that included files are treated directly as host definitions, IOW, you should NOT include a section name in an included host file unless you want to declare an additional subdomain: |
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$ cat etc/hosts/wrong.test |
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include = wrong.d/ |
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$ etc/hosts/wrong.d/host |
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[host] |
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ip = 192.0.2.6 |
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Using the --root-zone option to generate the full FQDN for the host: |
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$ bin/pvl.hosts-forward --root-zone etc/hosts/wrong.test |
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host.host.wrong.test A 192.0.2.6 |
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=== Host aliases === |
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Hosts can specify DNS aliases: |
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[foo] |
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ip = 127.0.0.1 |
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alias = test1 |
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[bar] |
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ip = 127.0.0.2 |
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alias = test2 |
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$ bin/pvl.hosts-forward --forward-zone alias.test etc/hosts/alias.test |
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foo A 127.0.0.1 |
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test1 CNAME foo |
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bar A 127.0.0.2 |
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test2 CNAME bar |
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=== Generated hosts === |
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The hosts file format supports something similar to bind9's $GENERATE directive for hosts: |
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[asdf{1-3}] |
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ip = 10.100.100.$ |
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$ bin/pvl.hosts-dns --forward-zone=asdf etc/hosts/asdf |
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asdf1@asdf A 10.100.100.1 |
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asdf2@asdf A 10.100.100.2 |
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asdf3@asdf A 10.100.100.3 |
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Note that the generate directives are interpreted and compiled directly by pvl.hosts. |
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Most of the $GENERATE options should be supported, with a little clever hackery: |
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[asdf{1-5/2}{0,2}] |
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ip = 10.100.100.$${10} |
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$ bin/pvl.hosts-dns --forward-zone=asdf2 etc/hosts/asdf2 |
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asdf01@asdf2 A 10.100.100.11 |
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asdf03@asdf2 A 10.100.100.13 |
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asdf05@asdf2 A 10.100.100.15 |
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This feature can be used for generating reverse delegations: |
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|
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[foo-{240-247}] |
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forward = |
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reverse = $.240/29.0.0.10.in-addr.arpa |
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ip = 10.0.0.$ |
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$ bin/pvl.hosts-dns --reverse-zone=10 etc/hosts/reverse |
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240.0.0 CNAME 240.240/29.0.0.10.in-addr.arpa. |
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241.0.0 CNAME 241.240/29.0.0.10.in-addr.arpa. |
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242.0.0 CNAME 242.240/29.0.0.10.in-addr.arpa. |
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243.0.0 CNAME 243.240/29.0.0.10.in-addr.arpa. |
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244.0.0 CNAME 244.240/29.0.0.10.in-addr.arpa. |
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245.0.0 CNAME 245.240/29.0.0.10.in-addr.arpa. |
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246.0.0 CNAME 246.240/29.0.0.10.in-addr.arpa. |
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247.0.0 CNAME 247.240/29.0.0.10.in-addr.arpa. |
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=== DHCP Options === |
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The hosts need not specify any fixed ip address, leaving IP address allocation to dhcpd: |
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[foo] |
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ethernet = 00:11:22:33:44:55 |
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$ bin/pvl.hosts-dhcp etc/hosts/dhcp1 |
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host foo { |
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option host-name foo; |
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hardware ethernet 00:11:22:33:44:55; |
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} |
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=== DHCP Boot options === |
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The hosts can specify DHCP boot server/file options: |
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[foo] |
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ethernet = 00:11:22:33:44:55 |
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boot = boot.lan:debian/wheezy/pxelinux.0 |
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$ bin/pvl.hosts-dhcp etc/hosts/boot.dhcp |
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host foo { |
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option host-name foo; |
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hardware ethernet 00:11:22:33:44:55; |
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next-server boot.lan; |
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filename debian/wheezy/pxelinux.0; |
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} |
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|
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=== DHCP hosts in multiple subnets/domains === |
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A host with different interfaces in multiple domains must specify unique interface names: |
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[foo.dhcp] |
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[[asdf]] |
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ip = 10.1.0.1 |
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ethernet.eth1 = 00:11:22:33:44:55 |
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|
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[bar.dhcp] |
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[[asdf]] |
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ip = 10.2.0.1 |
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ethernet.eth2 = 55:44:33:22:11:00 |
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$ bin/pvl.hosts-dhcp etc/hosts/dhcp2 |
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host asdf-eth1 { |
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option host-name asdf; |
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hardware ethernet 00:11:22:33:44:55; |
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fixed-address 10.1.0.1; |
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} |
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host asdf-eth2 { |
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option host-name asdf; |
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hardware ethernet 55:44:33:22:11:00; |
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fixed-address 10.2.0.1; |
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} |
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|
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== Host structure == |
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Creating a tree of symlinks for managing split zonefile domains can be useful: |
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$ tree etc/zones/ |
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etc/zones/ |
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├── forward |
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│ └── test |
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│ ├── asdf.test -> ../../../hosts/asdf.test |
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│ └── test -> ../../../hosts/test |
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└── reverse |
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└── 192.0.2 |
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├── asdf.test -> ../../../hosts/asdf.test |
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└── test -> ../../../hosts/test |
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Given a structure like above, the `pvl.hosts-forward` can generate a single forward zone containing all sub-domains: |
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$ bin/pvl.hosts-forward --hosts-include etc/hosts/ etc/zones/forward/test/ |
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foo A 192.0.2.1 |
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bar A 192.0.2.2 |
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quux.asdf A 192.0.2.5 |
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Note that the directory name is treated separately as a zone origin; the file names within the domain are still treated as a flat namespace independent of the directory name (which is different than *pvl.hosts* would behave for `include = etc/zones/forward/test/`). |
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The same trick also works for `pvl.hosts-reverse`: |
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$ bin/pvl.hosts-reverse --hosts-include etc/hosts/ etc/zones/reverse/192.0.2/ |
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1 PTR foo.test. |
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2 PTR bar.test. |
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5 PTR quux.asdf.test. |
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